2011—2014年天津市东丽区矽肺动态监测结果

Analysis on dynamic monitoring results of silicosis in Dongli District of Tianjin from 2011-2014

目的采用重点职业病哨点监测的方法了解天津市东丽区矽尘的职业危害现状,为预防和控制矽肺病的发生提供科学依据。方法按照《重点职业病监测技术方案》的要求,对天津市东丽区7家矽尘哨点企业进行了矽尘中游离二氧化硅含量、矽尘浓度的检测,对接尘劳动者进行了粉尘作业的职业健康检查。结果该区7家哨点企业积尘中游离二氧化硅的平均含量为53.7%,2011—2014年矽尘总粉尘浓度总超标率为37.3%,呼吸性粉尘浓度总超标率为35.8%,2014与2011年相比,矽尘总粉尘浓度和呼吸性粉尘浓度的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4年来共检出疑似尘肺病32例,达到健康检查总人数的1.2%。结论天津市东丽区矽尘哨点企业矽尘总粉尘浓度和呼吸性粉尘浓度总超标率偏高,粉尘浓度超标会导致尘肺病的发生,采取行之有效的预防控制措施,防止尘肺病的发生刻不容缓。

[Objective] To understand the occupational hazard situation of silica dust in Dongli District of Tianjin by the sentinel surveillance,provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of silicosis.[Methods]According to the requirements of the occupational disease monitoring technology plan,7 sentinel surveillance enterprises for silicon dust in Dongli District of Tianjin were enrolled in the study,to detect the free silica content in silica dust and silicon dust concentration,and the dustexposed workers received the occupational health examination.[Results] The average free silica content in silica dust was53.7% in 7 sentinel surveillance enterprises. During 2011-2014,the total exceeding standard rate of silica dust and respiratory dust was 37.3% and 35.8% respectively. The differences in the concentrations of f silica dust and respiratory dust were statistically significant between 2011 and 2014（P〈0.05）. In four years,there were 32 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis,accounting for 1.2% of workers received physical examination.[Conclusion] The exceeding standard rates of silica dust and respiratory dust are relatively higher in sentinel surveillance enterprises for silicon dust in Dongli District of Tianjin,which will lead to the occurrence of pneumoconiosis. It is urgent to take effective prevention and control measures to prevent the pneumoconiosis.