“发展援助危害论”及其评析

Review of Criticism on Foreign Development Aid

国际社会对发展援助的作用和效果一直存在争论,部分西方学者认为战后巨额发展援助并未能帮助受援国从根本上实现可持续发展,却给受援国带来了严重负面影响。以彼得·鲍尔、丹比萨·莫约、安格斯·迪顿为代表的西方学者提出"发展援助失败论"和"发展援助危害论"的观点,认为发展援助损害受援方政府治理能力、滋生并助长受援方政府腐败问题、抑制受援方吸引投资进而减缓经济增长,并建议国际社会应该以渐进但坚决的方式取消发展援助,改之以发展国际贸易、加大直接投资、利用国际资本等途径推动发展中国家实现可持续发展。上述观点揭示了发展援助未能取得预期成效的部分原因,并阐释了发展援助对受援国的负面影响,但在发展援助短期内无法全面停止的现实情况下,创新援助方式、改善援助效果、提升援助效率是当前国际社会面临的迫切议题。

There has been controversy on the role and effect of foreign development aid,and some scholars consider such aid as failure because it couldn′t help the recipients to get rid of poverty and achieve sustainable development;on the contrary,foreign development aid has made a serious negative impact.Peter Bauer,Dambisa Moyo and Deaton Angus and lots of scholars criticize foreign development aid as useless and harmful,because such aid has destroyed the recipients′governance capacity,created and encouraged corruption,inhibited the recipient countries to attract foreign investment and thus slowed economic growth,and suggest that the international community should gradually and firmly bring to an end foreign development aid,in order to shift to the development of international trade,the increase of direct investment,the use of international capital and other means to promote the recipient countries to achieve sustainable development.This view partly explains the reasons for the failure of foreign development aid and stresses the negative impact of foreign aid to recipient countries.Since the aid could not be stopped in short term,it is imperative for the international community to innovate forms of aid,to improve aid result and enhance aid effectiveness.