难民危机背景下德国政党生态的新演进

The Political Earthquake of Three German State Elections:the Rise of the Alternative for Germany(AfD) during the Refugee Crisis and its Political Trend

在德国难民危机激化的背景下,带有反泛欧主义色彩的德国选择党在三州选举中强势崛起,德国左翼政党和传统大众政党却显出明显颓势。这一趋势显示,伴随着欧洲各国右翼思潮涌动,一直受到压制的德国右翼民族主义政党在二战后也正式走上历史舞台,以新的形态再次成为举足轻重的政治力量。德国选择党崛起的原因,可从难民危机助推、民众心理需求、左派意识形态固化和传统政党精英化等四方面来分析。该右翼政党的成功将激起德国政坛的巨大漩涡,冲击德国目前的主流左翼意识形态,并将逐步改变德国目前的政党生态格局。

A political earthquake is shaking Germany as the right-wing AfD scored startling two-digit election results in the state elections(Baden-Württemberg,Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony Anhalt)on March 13 th 2016.They present 12 million voters with a first chance to cast their verdict on Merkel′s management of the refugee crisis and her migrant politics;they are tests of the strength of all the traditional parties(CDU,SPD,DIE LINKE,FDP and Bündnis 90/Die Grünen)as well as their prospects in the federal elections in 2017.The rise of AfD has four reasons:the impact of refugee crisis on the German society,the psychological needs of the population,the rigidity of leftist ideology,and the elitism of traditional parties.