西尼罗病毒血清学检测技术研究进展

Advances in normal serology test for West Nile virus infection

西尼罗热(West Nile Fever,WNF)是由西尼罗病毒(West Nile Virus,WNV)感染引起经蚊虫叮咬传播的一种人兽共患性疾病。WNV在世界上广泛分布,主要分布在欧洲、中东和北美等地。人对WNV普遍易感,WNF临床症状主要包括高热、全身乏力、头痛、肌肉酸痛等,并发神经性疾病致死、致残率高,早期实验室诊断WNV感染对于患者治疗和防止疫情暴发或扩散具有重要价值。实验室检测WNV技术主要包括血清学试验、病毒分离技术和分子生物学检测技术;其中,血清学检测仍是目前使用最广泛的方法,包括中和试验、酶免疫法、免疫荧光试验、血细胞凝集抑制试验和补体结合试验等。本文就上述常用的WNV血清学检测技术进行综述。

West Nile fever （WNF） is a zoonotic disease which caused by West Nile virus （WNV） and transmitted by mosquitoes. WNV is widely distributed in the world such as Europe, the Middle Eastern, the North America and the other regions. Human are generally susceptible to WNV, its clinical symptoms mainly include high fever, malaise, headache, muscle pains, etc. If patient was complicated by neurological disease, the rate of mortality and disability could be high. Therefore, it is important to early diagnosis WNV infection for the patient treatment and prevention to prevent from its epidemic outbreak and spread. The technologies of laboratory test WNV include serology, viral isolation and molecular biology test, of those WNV serological test is still most important and widely used method, including neutralization test （NT）, enzyme immunoassay （EIA）, immuno-fluorescence assay （IFA）, hemagglutination inhibition assay （HIA） and complement fixation test （CFT）, etc.