行政执法民主的司法保障

The Judicial Guarantee of the Democracy in Administrative Law Enforcement

行政执法具有厚实的民主基础,行政执法权力来源于民主的授权,行政权力的扩张需要民主的制约,行政自由裁量权的正当性需要民主的支持,代议机关立法活动的代表性不足需要外部民主的必要补充。在古代社会,雅典城邦国家利用陪审法庭为公民参与行政决定的合法性审查提供司法保障,在现代社会,司法审查已经成为行政过程合法化的一个常规要素,法院既可以通过司法审查向行政机关输出来自立法机关的合法性,也可以通过合宪审查输出来自司法机关自身的合法性,从而为行政执法民主提供了有力的司法保障。为了顺应行政民主化和社会化的趋势,我国不能仅仅依靠行政诉讼传输来自立法机关的合法性,还应该通过司法审查向行政机关输出来自司法机关自身的合法性。我们应该借鉴国外司法审查机制,建构我国行政执法民主的司法保障制度,为公民和社会组织参与行政决策活动提供全面的合法性渊源和充分的民意基础。

There is profound democracy basis on administrative law enforcement. The power of administrative law enforcement comes from the authorization of democracy, the expansion of administrative power needs the restriction of democracy, the legitimacy of administrative discretion needs the support of democracy, the shortage of representative legislation requires the necessary complement of external democracy. In ancient society, the City - State of Athens provided judicial guarantee for legality review of citizen participation in administrative decision by the jury court. In modern society, judicial review has become a common element of the legalization of administration. Court can show that administration accords with legislation through the judicial review and judicature conforms to constitution through constitutional review, which provides a strong judicial guarantee for the democracy in administrative law enforcement. In order to conform to the trend of administrative democrati- zation and socialization, our judicial organ should not only show accordance with legislation administrative litigation, but also convey administrative constitutionality through the judicial In order to provide comprehensive origin of legitimacy and sufficient basis of nuhlic nnininn through review. fnr nitizens and social organizations participating in administrative decision -making activities, we should learn from foreign judicial review mechanism to construct our judicial guarantee system of the democracy in administrative law enforcement.