从审美意识形态论到文化政治诗学——中国当代文艺意识形态批评话语范式的转型

From the Aesthetic Ideology Theory to the Cultural Political Poetics: The Transformation of Discourse Paradigm in Contemporary Chinese Literary Ideology Criticism

中国当代文艺意识形态理论主要表现为三种形态,一是从新中国建立到80年代初的政治批评,强调文艺为政治服务,用极"左"政治规约文学。二是80年代形成的审美意识形态论,提出文艺的本质是审美意识形态。审美意识形态论将文艺从极"左"政治的历史语域中解放出来,但其精英化的审美意识、威权主义的意识形态诉求与本质主义的思维范式,阻断了理论的辩证化、历史化发展。三是新世纪以来的文化政治诗学理论。文化政治诗学贴合当代文化与文艺现场,重思文艺的文化、政治与诗学内涵,将文化、政治与诗学话语融贯耦合起来,形成多声部、复调性的文艺理论话语结构,成为继审美意识形态论之后最具理论意义与实践效度的文艺意识形态批评范式。

Chinese contemporary literature and art ideology theory is mainly manifested in three forms： The first is the political criticism, from the founding to the 1980s, emphasized literature and art serves politics, restricted literature with the ultra-left politics. The second is the theory of aesthetic ideology formed in the 1980s, and proposed that the essence of literature and art is aesthetic ideol- ogy. The theory of aesthetic ideology frees literature and art from the historical register of ultra-left politics, but its elitist aesthetic consciousness, the general ideological appeal and the essentialist thinking paradigm have blocked the dialectical and historical development of the theory. The third is the theory of cultural and political poetics since the new century, cultural and political poetics fit the contemporary culture and the scene of literature and art, rethink the connotations of literature and art about cultural, political and poetic , to combine cultural, political and poetic discourse, and form the polyphonic discourse structure of literary and art theory. And then become the most theoretical con- sciousness and practical validity of the literary ideology criticism paradigm after the aesthetic ideology.