清代才学小说价值审视——以屠绅《蟫史》为例

Evaluation of Novels of Talent and Learning in Qing Dynasty

对清代才学小说的评价问题一直为学界所关注。以屠绅《蟫史》为代表的才学小说在小说中融入大量才学因素,提升了小说的文化品位,增加了小说的知识容量。才学小说家们在小说中塑造了鲜明的"第二自我"形象,展现了士人的文化心理。另一方面,大量的才学因素使小说的"故事"与"学问"倒置,出现情节琐碎且设置随意,人物数量众多且性格模糊的局限。小说中大量才学因素的呈现是对以小说蕴才学传统的继承与发展,体现了乾嘉时期由"尊德性"到"道问学"风尚的转变,同时也反映出作家所秉持的传统目录学小说观念。

The evaluation of novels of talent and learning in Qing Dynasty has been paid attention to by scholars. Novels of talent and learning, such as Tu Shen ＇s Yin Shi, incorporate a large number of talent factors into the novels to enhance cultural taste of the novels and increase the intellectual capacity of the novels. Writers of novels of talent and learning create a distinctive image of ＂the second self＂ in the novels, which shows the cultural psychology of scholars. On the other hand, a large number of talent factors make ＂story＂ and ＂learning＂ upside down. The plot is trivial and arbitrary. The number of characters are large and their characters are blurred. The emergence of a large number of talent factors in the novels is the inheritance and development of the tradition of novels containing talent and learning. It reflects the shift from ＂respecting virtue＂ to ＂seeking knowledge＂ in the period of Qianjia and reflects the concept of traditional catalogs upheld by writers.