北京崎峰茶金矿废弃地植被特征研究及修复初探

Vegetation Characteristics and Primary Restoration of Qifengcha Gold Ore Derelict Land in Beijing

对崎峰茶金矿废弃地破坏区自然恢复植被及周边未破坏区自然植被特征进行调查研究的基础上,结合生态学原理,为废弃地植被修复的植物材料和群落配置模式提供建议。植被调查采用样方法,研究地植被物种总计134种,隶属53科104属,均为乡土物种。其中破坏区自然恢复植被处于次生演替初期,总计物种55种;菊科、蔷薇科、蝶形花科、唇形科等优势科草本对不良生境具较强抗性和适应性。未破坏区自然林是植被修复的重要种质资源库,总计物种88种,与破坏区物种构成具较大差异;优势科为菊科、蔷薇科、毛茛科、桦木科等;乔、灌层优势种分布的海拔梯度格局较为显著,乔木层优势种为蒙古栎、山杨等,灌木层优势种为六道木、小花溲疏、毛榛、卵叶鼠李、山杏等。稳定度指数法评价筛选出的13个典型原生植物群落对破坏区植被恢复的群落配置具有一定借鉴意义。

Taking Qifengcha Gold Ore as research area, a thorough investigation on vegetation characteristics in the waste-rock yard and surrounding intact forest area was carried out to provide some strategic suggestions on the plant species selection and community collocation. Quadrat sampling method was adopted. The number of plant species in the research area was 134, belonging to 53 families and 104 genera,all were native species. The natural vegetation restoration in the destruction area had 55 species,those species from dominant families of Compositae,Rosaceae,Papilionaceae and Labiatae could resist and adapt to the barren soil condition well with higher restoration value. The intact forests had 88 species,much different from the destruction area in terms of species composition. The dominant families were Compositae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae,and Betulaceae, etc. In the intact forest area, the dominant species of tree layer and shrub layer showed different distribution patterns in different altitudes,with Quercus mongolica and Polulus davidiana as dominant tree species, and Abelia hi flora, Deutzia parvi fiora , Corylus rnandshurica ,Rhamnus bungeana ,Armeniaca sibirica as dominant shrub species. Thirteen typical forest vegetation communities were selected out by stability degree index,which could be used as a reference to the community configuration in the human-induced vegetation restoration.