新疆农田防护林生态系统服务功能价值核算

Evaluation for Ecosystem Services Value of Farmland Shelterbelt in Xinjiang

运用市场价值法、影子价格法、机会成本法等,对新疆2007年和2011年农田防护林生态服务功能价值进行了核算。结果表明,2007年和2011年农田防护林生态服务功能的总价值分别为392.20亿元和696.02亿元,各项生态服务指标的价值顺序为:固碳释氧>防风固沙>积累营养物质>生物多样性保护>保育土壤>净化大气;新疆农田防护林生态服务的总价值年均增加75.96亿元,其中固碳释氧的价值增加最大,为49.60亿元,其余依次是防风固沙、积累营养物质、林产品、生物多样性保护、保育土壤、净化大气,年均增加价值分别为13.65、5.19、4.19、1.83、0.83亿元和0.68亿元。固碳释氧和防风固沙服务功能价值在农田防护林中贡献巨大,应尽快建立市场补偿机制和完善生态服务功能价值评估方法,促进农田防护林从生态型向生态经济型转变。

Ecological service value of shelter-belt forests in Xinjiang in 2007 and 2011 was evaluated by applying the methods of market price, shadow price, and opportunity cost. The total ecological service values in 2007 and 2011 were 3.92×10^10 ,and 6.96×10^10 Yuan,respectively. The value of ecological service function index was in the order of CO2 fixation and O2 release ;wind prevention and sand fixation;nutrient accumulation;biodi-versity protection;soil protection;air purification. The increment of total ecological service value was 7.60× 10^9 Yuan each year. The value of CO2 fixation ＆ O2 release was the largest （4.96 × 10^9 Yuan）, followed by wind prevention and sand fixation （1. 37 × 10^9 Yuan）, nutrient accumulation （5.19 ×10^8 Yuan） ,forest products （4.19× 10^8 Yuan）, biodiversity protection （1.83 × 10^8 Yuan）, soil pro tection （0.83×10^8 Yuan）,air purification （0.68×10^8 Yuan）. Due to the fact that CO2 fixation and O2 release and the wind prevention and sand fixation were tremendous, it was suggested that market compensation mechanism for ecological service function should be established, and proper evaluation method should be put forward.