无尾两栖类在不同生活史阶段的栖息环境

Anuran Life Cycle and Habitat Preference

无尾目的生活史分为卵、蝌蚪和成体3个不同的阶段,它们分别生活在迥异的环境中,形成了各自阶段的生态适应。本文综述了无尾目3个阶段的栖息环境,以繁殖模式描述卵的栖息环境,以发育序列和生态表型描述蝌蚪的栖息环境,以生活类型描述成体的栖息环境。无尾目的环境选择策略集中表现了进化的关键趋向:由水向陆的运动。利用生活史对水陆两种环境的适应优势,无尾目成功地分布到除南极洲之外的所有大陆。

The life-cycle of anuran are divided into three stages including egg, tadpole, and adult ; and each stage is ac- cordant to specific environment and forming adaptive radiation, respectively. This article summarized the described habitats of anurans in three stages, and the majority of such descriptions were relate to reproductive modes for eggs, developmental guilds and ecomorphological guilds for tadpoles, and habitat types for adults. The strategy of habitat selection of anurans is responsive to the key trend for evolution ： from water to land. By the adaptive advantage from the biphasic life cycle, the an- urans can successfully occur on all continents except Antarctica.