冬小麦垄作交替隔沟灌溉的研究现状与展望

A Review of Ridge Tillage with Alternative Furrow Irrigation of Winter Wheat

垄作在作物基部培土,能促进根系生长,提高抗倒伏能力。垄作交替隔沟灌溉栽培技术因具有提高水肥利用效率,增加光能截获量,抑制病害危害等优势被广泛运用于水稻、玉米、大豆、棉花等农作物生产过程中。在综述了大量理论的基础上,筛选出冬小麦合理的高产节水垄作灌溉模式,探讨垄作冬小麦交替沟灌的增产调优节水效应及其机理,研究在其与玉米连作的农田周年耗水特性及其节水机制等未来探索方向,并对其今后的研究进行展望。垄作的目标是实现适宜作物生长的土壤条件,高效节水,提高作物产量。小麦垄作措施是一种结合秸秆免耕和传统耕作方式的可持续性的栽培技术。垄作交替隔沟灌溉栽培技术是适合河南省北部地区两年三作的长期农业地区的小麦-玉米垄作栽培技术。

Ridge tillage could promote root growth and improve lodging resistance ability of crops by earth upin plant root. Ridge tillage with alternative furrow irrigation had the advantages of improving the utilizationefficiency of water and fertilizer, increasing the amount of light interception and suppressing disease hazard,and the practice was wildly used in cultivating rice, corn, soybean, cotton and so on. Based on theory summary,the suitable mode of winter wheat ridge tillage with high yield and water-saving was screened out, and theeffect and mechanism of ridge tillage with alternative furrow irrigation were analyzed, the annual waterdeprivation characteristic of continuous cropping of winter wheat and corn was studied, and the further studydirection of water-saving mechanism was explored. The purpose of ridge tillage was to acquire suitable soilconditions for crop growth, save water and time and promote crop yield. Wheat ridge tillage technology was asustainable agricultural production practice which combined no- tillage with straw mulch and traditionaltillage. Therefore, ridge tillage with alternative furrow irrigation was the suitable wheat- corn cultivationtechnology in northern Henan.