遮阴对黄淮海玉米主栽品种农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Shading on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Major Maize Cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

为分析遮阴对黄淮海玉米主栽品种农艺性状、产量性状和产量的影响,以黄淮海种植面积最大的10个玉米品种为材料,种植在该地区4个省(市),并设抽雄前遮阴7天和全生育期不遮阴2个处理。研究结果表明遮阴处理对黄淮海玉米主栽品种农艺性状、产量性状及产量均具有显著的影响,10个品种产量均显著的降低,6个品种抽雄吐丝间隔期延长,9个品种吐丝率下降;遮阴后产量降低与行粒数、穗长、穗粗、百粒重变小,秃尖变大有显著的相关性;‘伟科702’在10个品种中耐阴性最好,遮阴后4地点平均产量第一,吐丝率和产量降幅最低,其次为‘郑单958’、‘蠡玉16’和‘隆平206’。因此,生产上应选‘伟科702’等耐阴性较好的品种,耐阴育种方面应将行粒数、穗长、穗粗、百粒重、秃尖长度、吐丝率和抽雄吐丝间隔期等显著相关的性状作为耐阴性鉴定的指标。

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of shading on agronomic characters, yield traitsand yield of major maize cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai Region. The top ten maize cultivars of Huang-Huai-Hai Region were used as materials and planted in four provinces（cities）. Two treatments including shading 7days before tasseling stage and no shading in whole growth period were set up. The results showed that theagronomic characters, yield traits and yield of major maize cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai Region were affectedsignificantly by shading treatment; the yield of ten cultivars decreased significantly, the anthesis silkinginterval（ASI） of six cultivars extended and the silking percentage of nine cultivars reduced; the decrease ofyield was significantly relevant to the reduction of kernels per row, ear length, ear diameter and 100 grainweigh and the increase of bare tip length;‘Weike702＇exhibited the best performance of shade- toleranceamong ten maize cultivars（the average yield of four places ranked first, the silking percentage and yielddecrease were the least） and followed by‘Zhengdan958＇,‘Liyu16＇,‘Longping206＇. Therefore,‘Weike702＇and other shade-tolerant cultivars should be adopted in maize production, meanwhile, the kernels per row, earlength, ear diameter, 100 grain weigh, bare tip length, silking percentage and anthesis silking interval, whichwere significantly relevant to shading treatment, could be used as the identification parameters in maizebreeding of shade-tolerance.