中国家庭体育锻炼行为特点及代际互动关系研究

Study on the Characteristics and Interactive Relationship of Family Physical Exercise in China

利用2015年全民健身活动现状调查数据,采用家庭户匹配法,通过婚姻与代际关系的匹配整合家庭变量,分析我国家庭中各成员锻炼行为的特点及影响因素。研究发现:1)我国家庭中各成员的锻炼行为具有"一老一小多,中坚力量少"的特点。家庭中的儿童青少年受升学压力客观驱动,主观积极性不高。成年人锻炼参与程度低,锻炼项目较为单一,但体育的社会价值逐渐在家庭中发挥作用。2)家庭结构的复杂程度对成员锻炼行为有较为直接的影响,核心家庭成员的锻炼程度最高,联合家庭中的成员锻炼程度最低。3)居住环境对家庭成员锻炼行为有非常显著的影响,呈现两种不同的行为模式,表现为两种梯度进化关系。4)在同一家庭中,各成员体育锻炼行为有同质化趋势,家庭核心化一定程度上有利于家庭锻炼行为的一致性。家庭中经常参加体育锻炼的成员具有示范和带动作用,家庭锻炼行为具有明显的代际互动关系,呈现双向社会化模式。

Based on investigation data of national fitness activity in 2015,this paper tries to make a study of the characteristics and factors of Chinese family physical exercise.The household matching method is adopted,which matching family variable of integration through marriage and the inter-generational relations.The result shows that 1）the exercise behavior of each family member in China has the characteristics of old person and child actively,middle-age person inactively.The exercise participation of children in the family is relatively high,but it is because of the objective driven in entrance examination pressure.The subjective enthusiasm is not high.The exercise participation of adult in the family is low,exercise program is relatively single.Because of work and household pressure,they can＇t to be involved in physical exercise.But the social value of sports plays a role in the family gradually.2）The complexity of the family structure has more direct effect on family members＇ exercise behavior.Core members exercise of the family is the highest,union members exercise of the family is the lowest.3）Living environment has a significant effect on the exercise behavior of family members,which resent two kind of patterns of behavior and show two kind of gradient evolution relations.The members＇ physical exercise behavior have homogeneity trend in the family.4）The core of the family is conducive to family exercise behavior consistency.The family member who often take part in physical exercise has the demonstration and leading role.Family exercise behavior has obvious intergenerational interaction and two-way social patterns.