土地资源生态安全研究综述

A Review of Ecological Security Research on Land Resource

土地资源生态安全已经成为当前土地资源可持续利用研究关注的热点问题,笔者在归纳了生态安全概念与特征的基础上,进一步阐述了土地资源生态安全的内涵、驱动因素、评价框架与方法。指出土地资源生态安全主要包括两个方面:一是土地生态系统的结构功能处于健康和平衡的状态;二是能够为人类社会可持续发展提供稳定、均衡、充足的供给。这一状态的实现,需要自然、经济、社会三大驱动因素共同推进,协调发展,其中,经济因素和社会因素对土地资源的影响远远超过自然因素。在评价框架方面,阐述了PSR、DPSIR、DPSER、"自然-经济-社会"4种体系的来源及应用。关于评价的方法,笔者分别对数学模型法、生态模型法、景观生态模型法、数字地面模型法4类方法的优缺点进行了概括总结,并提出了近年来一些新兴的评价方法。最后,笔者对土地资源生态安全研究趋势进行了展望:(1)以生态功能区划为基础,制定具有针对性、体现差异性的土地资源生态安全评价指标体系,并确定生态安全阈值;(2)注重开展干旱区、风沙区、喀斯特地区、水土流失地区、高原山区等典型区域的土地资源生态安全格局研究与未来状况的动态预警研究;(3)在评价方法上加强地理信息技术相结合;(4)探索新的评价方法,以便更好把控土地资源生态安全状况,实现土地资源的永续利用。

The problem of land resource ecology security has become one of the hot topics in the field ofsustainable utilization of land resource now. Based on the summary of concept and features of ecologicalsecurity, the authors expounded the connotation, driven factors, framework and methods of land resourceecological security. The land resource ecological security mainly included two aspects, which were（1） landecological system structure and function in healthy and balanced status;（2） providing stable, balanced andadequate supply for human society sustainable development. The achievement of land resource ecologicalsecurity required the coordinated promotion and development of nature, economy and society, the impact ofeconomy and society factors on land resource is far more than that of nature. On the assessment framework, the authors summarized the source and application of four kinds of assessment frameworks, which were the PSRframework system, the DPSIR framework system, the DPSER framework system and the framework system of＂nature- economy- society＂. About the evaluation method, the authors compared the advantages anddisadvantages of four kinds of methods respectively. They were the method of mathematical model, ecologicalmodel, landscape ecological model and digital terrain model. At the same time, some new evaluation methodsabout the ecological security of land resource in recent years were put forward. At last, a prospect for thedeveloping trend of ecological security of land resource was proposed：（1） based on ecological function zoning,the assessment indicator system of land resource ecological security which reflected pertinence and othernessshould be established, the best threshold value of ecological security should be confirmed;（2） more researcheson land resource ecology security and dynamic early warning of the typical areas, such as arid area, sand area,karst region, water and soil loss region, alpine plateau area and so on should be developed;（3） the evaluationmethod should be better combined with geographic information technology;（4） in order to control the ecologicalsecurity of land resource better and realize the sustainable use of land resource, new evaluation method shouldbe explored. Only in this way, it can ensure sustainable utilization of land resource.