中国畜禽粪便磷的农田消纳量及承载负荷研究

The Given Amount and Loading Capacity of Phosphorus from Livestock and Poultry Manure in China

为给农业种养结合与控制畜禽粪便污染提供科学依据,计算中国不同省(市或区)主要畜禽类型粪便产生总磷(TP)、单位面积畜禽粪便TP的容纳量以及单位面积畜禽粪便TP的承载负荷。结果表明:全国畜禽粪便TP产生量是63.89万t,其中生猪、奶牛、肉牛、蛋鸡和肉鸡粪便TP分别占34.8%、13.4%、6.5%、2.5%和42.7%。总量分布山东最高,占到17.3%,其次河南,占13.2%,河北第三,占9.1%。单位面积的畜禽粪便TP容纳量北京最高,耕地面积达到29.4 kg/hm^2,播种面积达到24.1 kg/hm^2,低于耕地面积的承载量35 kg/hm^2的安全消纳的临界点。基于欧盟标准,绝大多数省的TP承载负荷均小于0.5,北京最高,耕地面积下的承载负荷是0.84。由此可见,中国农田消纳畜禽粪便的潜力较大,通过畜禽粪便还田利用能够有效解决粪便污染问题。

To provide scientific basis for combination of farming and animal husbandry and control of livestockand poultry manure pollution, the total amount of phosphorus from livestock and poultry manure, the givenamount and loading capacity of phosphorus per unit field in China were calculated. The results showed that thetotal amount of phosphorus from livestock and poultry manure was 638.9 thousand ton in China, and theproportion of phosphorus from swine, cow, beef, laying hens and broiler manure was 34.8%, 13.4%, 6.5%,2.5% and 42.7%, respectively. Shandong Province occupied 17.3% of the total amount of phosphorus in China,which was the largest, followed by Henan Province（13.2%） and Hebei Province（9.1%）. The amount ofphosphorus per unit area in cultivated area and sown area was 29.4 and 24.1 kg/hm^2 in Beijing, both were thehighest and were less than the safety critical point of 35 kg/hm^2. The loading capacity of phosphorus in mostprovinces was less than 0.5 based on the EU standard which took 35 kg P/hm^2 as the safety capacity, andBeijing had the highest loading capacity which was 0.84 in cultivated area. Thus the potential of the loadingcapacity of livestock and poultry manure is still large in China, and application of livestock and poultry manure in farmland could effectively control manure pollution.