抗旱小麦新品种‘晋麦98号’选育研究

Breeding of New Wheat Variety ‘Jinmai 98’ with Drought Resistance

针对山西省干旱缺雨,旱寒交迫和倒春寒严重的生态环境,山西省农科院小麦研究所旱地小麦育种室以抗旱节水、高产优质为育种目标,经系谱杂交育种法,通过水旱交叉生态选择、多环境多点鉴定等手段,并且利用分子标记辅助育种新技术,最终选育出旱地小麦新品种‘晋麦98号’。该品种含有10个与水分高效利用紧密连锁的分子标记以及7个抗旱节水相关基因。2013—2014年在山西省南部旱地区域试验中,2年区试平均产量4562.3 kg/hm2;比对照品种‘晋麦47号’增产9.6%,株高75 cm左右,有效穗数525万/hm2,穗粒数30-35粒,千粒重44 g,该品种为冬性、早熟、抗寒、抗旱、抗倒伏、抗干热风,高产、稳产、成熟落黄好,综合农艺性状优良,增产潜力大,品质优良,适应性广。‘晋麦98号’于2014年11月通过山西省审定,该品种适宜于山西省南部中熟冬麦区旱地麦田大面积推广种植。

Aiming at ecological environment characteristics of Shanxi such as drought, less rainfall, cold andserious late spring cold, the Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences tookdrought- resistant, water- saving, high- yield and high- quality as breeding objectives. With pedigreehybridization breeding method, wheat new variety‘Jinmai 98＇was bred and selected by irrigated field and dryfield, multi-environmental and multiple site identification and molecular marker-assisted breeding.‘Jinmai 98＇had 10 molecular markers closely linked with efficient use and 7 genes related to drought resistance and watersaving. The variety got an average yield of 4562.3 kg/hm2 in dry-land regional tests in south Shanxi in 2013-2014, which was 9.6% higher than the control variety‘Jinmai47＇. The plant height was 75 cm, effectivepanicle number was 5250 thousand/hm2, seeds per ear were 30-35, 1000-grain weight was 44 g. The varietywas winter wheat with characters of precocity, cold resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance, dry-hotwind tolerance, high yield, stable yield, good maturity, good comprehensive characters, great productionpotential, high quality and eurytopicity. The variety was approved in November, 2014 in Shanxi Province. Itwas suitable for large-scale cultivation in dry-land of winter wheat area in south Shanxi.