从对转基因的认识谈高中学生科学素养的培养

Discussion on Developing High School Students’ Scientific Literacy Based on Study of Their Understanding of Genetic Modification

高中化学和生物教材有多处介绍核酸、基因、转基因的知识，但通过问卷调查发现：高中学生对基因、转基因技术和转基因食品的认识模糊不清。究其原因可能是由于教学的功利性，仅关注本学科的高考，不注意学科间知识的融会贯通，不重视学科前沿知识和社会热点问题的拓展。高中化学课程中应重视“核酸”等生命化学相关内容的教学，拓展学生对转基因技术的科学认识，引导学生运用所学知识和科学方法去分析、判断转基因食品的安全性问题，着眼于培养学生的科学素养。

Knowledge about nucleic acid, gene and genetic modification （GM） appears in senior high school chemistry and biology textbooks. However, questionnaires for this study showed that many high school students didn＇t have clear understanding of gene, genetic engineering and GM food. The underlying cause was that high school teaching put too much emphasis on test resuits. Teachers only paid attention to the College Entrance Examination, while neglecting interdisciplinary knowledge, cutting-edge science and hot topics. The aim of this paper was to stress that high school chemistry teachers should also put emphasis on knowledge about biological chemistry including nucleic acid, help students have better and more scientific understanding of genetic engineering, give students guidance on using acquired knowledge and scientific methods to analyze and assess the safety of GM food, and make more effort to build up students＇ scientific literacy.