明清时期水工技术初探——以江苏淮安清口水利枢纽为例

Water Engineering Technologies in the Ming and Qing Dynasties:The Qingkou Water Project in Huai'an,Jiangsu, as an Example

2008—2013年,淮安市博物馆对淮阴区码头镇和洪泽县境内的里运河故道、坝址等明清水利工程遗址进行了调查和发掘,对这些遗产所体现的水利科技与水工技术有了进一步的揭示。大运河上最著名的清口水利枢纽工程是我国特有的防洪工程形式,堤防主要以土筑堤坝为主,自身有一套完整的防洪体系和养护方法,在堤坝的险要区段或薄弱地段采取相应的防护措施以增强其稳固性和抗冲击能力。遗址体现的土工技术、砖石工技术和埽工技术与文献记载相互印记,至今仍有十分重要的借鉴意义。

From 2008 to 2013, Huai＇ an Municipal Museum conducted investigations and excavations on the Ming and Qing water engineering sites including the ancient canals and dams located within Huaiyin＇ s Matou township and Hongze county, outlining a picture of the water engineering technologies and skills of the time. The Qingkou water project on. the Grand Canal is a flood-prevention system only seen in China, which used the earthen dam as the basic solution and was facilitated with a complete flood-prevention sys- tem and conservation mechanism. Extra preventive measures were applied on the most risking sections. The civil engineering technologies and the masonry and faseine skills reflected in the Qingkou project are in accordance with what were recorded in historical literature, and are still serving as a great reference.