检察机关环境公益诉讼原告资格探析——以诉权分析为视角

Re-discussion on Procuratorate Organ's Plaintiff Qualification in Environmental Public Interest Litigation——From the Perspective of the Appeal Rights Analysis

检察机关能否作为适格原告主体提起环境公益诉讼,一直是环境法学界争议的焦点,深究其因,检察机关特殊的法律地位和法定职能对环境公益诉讼的双重影响是检察机关原告主体适格问题的症结所在。无论是从检察机关的职权属性还是从检察机关的法律地位来看,检察机关介入环境公益诉讼,实属公权力的后盾式彰显,其诉讼主体资格源于公权力而非依据通常意义的诉讼权利(诉权),赋予检察机关原告主体资格无明晰的理论来源。鉴于环境诉权是依附于环境权益的程序性权利,有必要从制度层面入手,对环境公益诉讼的原告主体范围予以严格的限制而非宽泛化,严格限制和检察机关参与环境公益诉讼的范围及权力,明确其作为公益诉讼人的角色和地位,以充分发挥公力救济的弥补作用。

Whether the procuratorial organ is qualified as a proper plaintiff to file environmental public interest litigation has long been a controversial focus in the circle of environmental law.Due to its special legal position and unique supervisory power,the procuratorial organ often exerts dual effects in environmental public interest litigation.Viewing either from the power proper or from juridical status,procuratorial organ’s involvement in environmental public interest litigation is a manifestation of backed force,whose qualification as a subject of litigation comes from public power instead of litigious right in the general sense,therefore it is groundless to grant procuratorial organ the qualification as a plaintiff subject.As environmental litigious right is a kind of procedural right attached to environmental rights and interests,it is necessary to strictly restrict the plaintiff subject of environmental public interest litigation,clearly define procuratorial organ’s role and position so as to fully make use of the public power.