论法定不动产担保物权隐秘性削减的修法趋势——以法国和台湾地区的经验看我国《合同法》第286条

The Legislative Trend on the Reduction of Tacitness of Immovable Real Rights for Security: A Study on the Article 286 of Chinese Contract Law from Experiences in France and Taiwan Region

我国《合同法》第286条规定的工程款优先受偿权是一项具有隐秘性和可溯及既往效力的不动产特别先取特权。比较法的经验表明,法国涉及到不动产的先取特权的数量大幅缩减;保留下来的"不动产特别先取特权"都需要登记公示才能保全对抗第三人的效力。法国法未来的发展方向是"不动产特别先取特权"被"特别法定抵押权"取代。台湾地区民法典第513条被修订,出现了"法定抵押权"和"先取特权"的共存,它们必须通过登记取得。鉴于先取特权给法国带来的困扰与解决之路,鉴于台湾地区民法修订的经验,针对中国实践的解决方案,应将工程款优先受偿权与登记公示关联,把它改造成没有隐秘性和不具有溯及既往效力的法定抵押权。

According to the article 286 of Contract Law, the Contractor＇s Priority for Construction Payment is a kind of privilege with the tacitness and retroactivity. The experiences of Comparative Law show the amount of Immovable Privileges in France is greatly decreasing and the retained Immovable Privileges need to be registered and published for maintaining their effectiveness against the third person. To be replaced by Special Legal Mortgage is the development trend of Immovable Privilege in France. In the revised article 513 of Civil Code in Taiwan region, Privilege is in coexistence with Special Legal Mortgage and both of them should be registered. Based on the problems and solutions of Privilege in France and the revision experience in Taiwan region, this thesis provides suggestions for Chinese Privilege practice. China should connect the Contractor＇ s Priority for Construction payment with registration and publication, and convert it to a kind of legal mortgage without the tacitness and retroactivity.