心理健康双因素模型在大学生及其心理素质中的有效性研究

The Applicability of The Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health in Chinese College Students and Its Psychological Suzhi: An Empirical Investigation

采用大学生心理素质量表、一般健康量表、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表进行问卷调查,检验西方学者提出的心理健康双因素模型(DFM)在中国大学生及其心理素质中的有效性。结果发现:⑴心理健康两维结构的拟合指数优于单维结构;⑵DFM成功地将中国大学生划分为了完全心理健康、部分心理健康、部分病态、完全病态四种类型,并在年级的分布上存在显著差异;⑶心理素质水平在四种心理健康状态上存在显著差异;⑷心理素质对积极心理健康的发展性功能比对消极心理健康的治疗性功能更为突出。研究表明,DFM与中国学者提出的心理素质与心理健康关系模型理论存在相互支持。

long with the development of positive psychology, western scholars put forward the Dual-Factor Model of Memal Health （DFM）. At the same time, Chinese scholars have proposed the concept of psychological suzhi against the background of quality-oriented education, and formed the Relationship Model between Psychological Suzhi and Mental Health （RM） on the basis of the constitution of traditional Chinese medicine. The DFM theory has a lot of other terms, such as Complete State Model of Mental Health, Dual-Factor System of Mental Health, the Two Continua Model of Mental Health and Illness; however, they all pay attention to the accurate assessment of psychological health states, and they insist that mental health should be a complete state, and assessments of positive indicators （i.e., subjective well-being） are coupled with traditional negative indicators （i.e., depression） to comprehensively measure mental health. The RM theory focuses on the relations between root （psychological suzhi） and symptoms （mental health states）, and it postulates that individual psychological suzhi plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of illness or wellness. To test the DFM in Chinese college students and its effectiveness, as well as to promote the integration of the DFM and RM, this study used the College Students＇ Psychological Suzhi scale, the 20-item General Health Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Happiness Scale to survey 666 college students who came from China＇s universities in ten provinces. The results indicated as follows： （1） A series of factor analyses supported a dual-factor model of mental health with measures of depression and anxiety defining an illness construct, and measures of life satisfaction and happiness defining a wellness construct, and the fitting index of two- dimensional structure of mental health was better than that of one-dimensional structure; （2） The DFM could be used to successfully classify Chinese college students into four types, which were complete mental health （31.3%）, vulnerable （28.2%）, symptomatic but content （14.7%）, and troubled （25.8%）; （3） The four types of mental health state distribution in gender and family locus had no significant differences （p 〉 .05）, but significant differences were found on the grade distribution （p 〈 .05）, and the proportion of troubled type which decreased with the grade going up; （4） The psychological suzhi total score and its individual factor score had significant differences in four types of mental health states. The three factors, psychological suzhi total score and emotional experience, self-awareness, and adaptability of life, in the complete mental health type were significantly higher than in the vulnerable type, the symptomatic but content type and the troubled type; and in the troubled type it was also significantly lower than in the vulnerable, symptomatic but content and complete mental health types. （5） The development function of psychological suzhi acting on positive mental health indicator compared to the treatment function of psychological suzhi acting on negative mental health indicators was more outstanding. To sum up, the results revealed that the DFM was applicable in the Chinese college students and their psychological suzhi, while DFM theory and RM theory had a relation of mutual support.