群际接触次级转移效应(STE)的心理机制与影响因素

The Psychological Mechanism and Infl uential Factors of Secondary Transfer Effect of Intergroup Contact

理解群际接触次级转移效应(secondary transfer effect,STE)产生的心理机制和影响因素,对于构建良好的群际关系有重要意义。研究发现,STE的心理机制主要是群际接触能够导致群际移情能力的提高、降低群际焦虑、增加了社会身份复杂性程度和多元文化主义信念,而社会支配倾向、群体相似性和群体地位影响着STE的程度。未来的研究应从多个维度测量群际接触程度与群体态度,结合调查法与实验法等多种方法,在不同的社会与文化背景当中进一步探索STE的心理机制和影响因素,系统验证变量之间的关系,从而完善和发展群际接触理论。

Theory of intergroup contact （STE）, as one of the most influential theories in social psychology, has been widely used to guide people to reduce prejudice in practice. The secondary transfer effect that refers to the positive effect of intergroup contact from direct contact with one outgroup to another is not involved in the contact, namely, it is transferred from primary outgroup to secondary group. STE exists not only in direct contact, but also in indirect contact, which is extended contact and imagining intergroup contact. It is significant for constructing a good intergroup relationship to understand the psychological mechanism and factors of secondary transfer effect. Some researchers on the psychological mechanism of STE found four important intervening variables, because intergroup contact enhanced the intergroup empathic ability, reduced the intergroup anxiety level, improved the social identity cognitive complexity, and increased the belief of multicultumlism. These factors led m STE. For example, intergroup contact of the positive effect transferred to the secondary outside groups, mediated the level of intergroup level of empathy positive attitude and transferred to the secondary outside groups, that is, through the group, on the secondary outside transference manifestations attitude transferred. STE of intergroup contact is affected and restricted by various factors; the researchers also explored the influence factors of STE. The influence factors of STE referred to social dominance orientation, group similarity and group status, which affected the transfer effect of the primary external group contact on the secondary external group attitude. Future studies should focus on comprehensive transection and longitudinal research design, such as survey methods and experimental methods. To measure the intergroup contact and group attitude from multiple dimensions in the primary group contact measurement, considering not only quantity but also quality; subjective topics should be used as a supplement of intergroup contact test, which could better reflect the extent of individuals and groups outside the contact. Using different attitude scales, attitude can measured outside the primary group and secondary group respectively. It is necessary, in a pluralistic society, to develop cross-cultural research, expand the category of the secondary outside groups and provide scientific theoretical basis for improving intergroup relationships. China is a multicultural society. Therefore, localized research should be carded out from the perspective of social psychology to provide theoretical support for the relationship between ethnic groups. In particular, for many of our ethnic groups resided in the western border and poor areas, the government has adopted the system of regional ethnic autonomy and they are relatively independent of the ethnic education system, and lack of good contact and interaction with other ethnic groups. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the localization of the intergroup contact and its secondary transfer effect, and transform it into the practice of dealing with the relationship between ethnic groups in China.