中美倡导的伙伴关系比较研究:演变过程与概念界定

A Comparative Study of China-US Partnerships:Definition and Evolution

中国和美国各自倡导的伙伴关系既有渊源,又有显著不同。不过,由于伙伴关系概念缺乏清晰界定,关于伙伴关系的学理研究难以深入,中国倡导的伙伴关系也难以摆脱美国主导的西方伙伴关系的语境。伙伴关系本质上是一个不断演化的外交政策概念。伙伴关系政策既承担国家对外战略任务,也有独特的功能。美国主导的伙伴关系是美国旨在维护世界领导地位,以联盟为核心而构建的具有等级和功能差异的双边或多边合作关系。中国特色的伙伴关系是中国为了营造有利的外部环境而倡导的一种"不对抗、不结盟、不针对第三方"的平等、和平和包容的新型国际合作范式。经过比较,伙伴关系可以被界定为一国为了实现对外战略的总体目标,基于特定的共同利益和可能的共识,与另一方正式建立的,具有较高政治平等性和政策灵活性的稳定的合作关系。

There are both interrelations and differences between China-initiated and U.S.-initiated partnerships.However,due to the lack of a clear definition,it is difficult to promote academic research on partnerships and to go beyond the discourse of the U.S.-dominated Western partnerships.Partnership is essentially an ever-evolving foreign policy concept.A policy of partnership not only undertakes foreign strategy tasks,but also has its unique functions.The U.S.-dominated partnerships aim to maintain the U.S.leadership status in the world and are hierarchical and functionally differentiated into bilateral and multilateral cooperative relationships with alliances as its core.On the other hand,China-initiated partnerships serve the purpose of building an amicable external environment and constitute an equal,peaceful,and inclusive new paradigm of international cooperation with 'no confrontation,no alliances,and no targeting the third party'as its characteristic.Therefore,partnership can be defined as 'in order to realize its overall objective of foreign strategy,on the basis of the particular common interests and possible consensus,one country establishes with another country a stable cooperation relationship with a high level of political equality and policy flexibility.'