武汉市居民结核病防治知识知晓情况调查分析

Investigation of residents in Wuhan on common sense of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis

目的调查武汉市居民结核病防治知识核心信息知晓情况，为今后开展结核病防治健康教育提供措施改进的依据。方法2015年8月20-25日，由经过培训的专业人员采取整群抽样的方法选取武汉市15个调查点15岁及以上居民2430名进行一对一问卷调查，回收问卷2430份，其中有效问卷2426份；问卷内容包括研究对象基本情况、结核病核心信息知晓情况，以及获取信息的需求等。将有效问卷信息录入EpiData3．0数据库，统计调查对象结核病防治核心信息知晓率，分析不同特征人群知晓率的差异，并对获取防治知识途径的意愿进行分析。结果武汉市居民对结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为78．14％（9478／12130），对“肺结核是一种严重危害人们健康的慢性呼吸道传染病”、“咳嗽、咯痰≥2周，或痰中带血丝，应该怀疑得了肺结核”，以及“怀疑后应到县（区）级结核病防治机构接受检查和治疗”的知晓率分别为88．21％（2140／2426）、93．28％（2263／2426）和96．33％（2337／2426）；对“在县（区）级结核病防治机构检查和治疗肺结核可享受国家免费政策”和“只要坚持正规治疗，绝大多数肺结核患者是可以治愈的”的知晓率分别为54．45％（1321／2426）和58．41％（1417／2426）；答对全部5条核心信息者占37．80％（917／2426）。女性知晓率为78．23％（6028／7705），略高于男性[-77．97％（3450／4425）]，但差异无统计学意义（X^2=0．12，P=0．730）；15～24岁组居民知晓率为81．97％（1791／2185），高于25～44岁组的79．63％（3619／4545）、45~59岁组的77．45％（2366／3055）和60岁以上组的72．28％（1695／2345；为最低），差异有统计学意义（X^2=72．43，P=0．ooo）。总知晓率随文化程度的提高而增高，由文盲组的60．49％（369／610）逐步提升到大专及以上组的81．25％（4148／5105），差异有统计学意义（X^2=167．69，P=0．ooo）；职业为机关事业单位、企业商业人员、学生的人群总知晓率分别为82．79％（2372／2865）、80．49％（1493／1855）和81．67％（1176／1440），高于农业劳动者的73．12％（1466／2005）、离退休人员的72。55％（1197／1650）及其他人群的76.76％（1777／2315），差异有统计学意义（X^2=115．27，P=0．000）。调查对象获得结核病防治知识通过“电视（或电影、网络、音像材料）”和“张贴画（或宣传栏、展报、标语）”等方式的选择率最高，分别为76．63％（1859／2426）和57．87％（1404／2426）。结论武汉市居民对结核病防治核心信息总知晓率未达到国家结核病防治“十二五”规划核心信息总知晓率为85％的目标，核心信息知识点掌握参差不齐；今后健康促进工作要根据受众人群客观条件，有针对性、因地制宜地开展宣教，定期评估效果并及时改进措施。

[Abstract] Objective To investigate residents in Wuhan on common sense o~ prevention and treatment of tuberculosis （TB）, providing basis for the improvement of education on prevention and control of TB. Methods A total of 2430 questionnaires were collected by the trained surveyors from 2430 respondents aged 15 and above in 15 sites in Wuhan between August 20, 2015 to August 25, 2015, and 2426 of them were effective. The questionnaire included general information of the subjects, key messages of TB and requirement of related information. The effective questionnaire information was entered into the EpiData database, the awareness rate of key messages of TB prevention and control was analyzed, differences of awareness rates in different population and the requirement of rela- ted information were also analyzed. Results The total awareness rate of TB prevention and control in Wuhan resi- dents was 78. 14% （9478/12 130）, awareness rates of ＂TB is a seriously chronic and infectious respiratory disease which is harmful to people＇s health ＂, ＂ if cough and expectoration ≥2 weeks or sputum with blood streak should be suspected with TB＂, ＂ People suspected with TB should go to the county （district） TB prevention and treatment institutions for examination and treatment＂, ＂People could get examination and treatment with free of charge in the county （district） tuberculosis prevention and treatment institutions ＂ and ＂Most TB patients could be cured if undergone regular treatment＂ were 88.21% （2140/2426）, 93.28% （2263/2426）, 96.33% （2337/2426）, 54.45% （1321/2426） and 58. 41% （1417/2426）, respectively; 37.80% （917/2426） of these polled gave correct answers to all five key messages. The awareness rate of female was 78. 23% （6028/7705）, slightly higher than that of male （77.97 % （3450/4425））, the difference was not statistically significant （X^2=0.12, P= 0. 730）. The awareness rate of the residents aged 15-24 years was 81.97% （1791/2185）, which was higher than those of 25-44 years （79. 63% （3619/4545））, 45-59 years 77. 45% （2366/3055） and ages above 60 years （72. 28% （1695/2345）, the lowest）, the difference was statistically significant （X^2=72.43, P= 0. 000）. The total awareness rate increased with levels of education, which increased from 60. 49% （369/610） in the illiteracy group to 81. 250//oo （4148/5105）） in the university and above group, the difference was statistically significant （X^2=167.69, P=0. 000）. The total awareness rates of organization/institutions, enterprises and students were 82. 79% （2372/2865）, 80. 49% （1493/1855） and 81.67% （1176/1440）, respectively, which were higher than those of agricultural laborers （73.12% （1466/2005））, retired （72. 55% （1197/1650）） and other population （76.76% （1777/2315））, the difference was statistically significant （X^2=115.27, P=0. 000）. The subjects received common sense of TB prevention and treatment mainly through television （or film, network, audio-visual materials） （76.63% （1859/2426）） and poster （or bulletin, board, poster, slogan） （57.87% （1404/2426））. Conclusion The total awareness rate of key messages of TB prevention and treatment of Wuhan residents was lower than the goal of National Tuberculosis Pre- vention and Control ＂Twelfth Five Year Plan＂ （85%）, and the rates were different in various groups. Health promotion work should be implemented according to objective conditions of different groups, regularly evaluated and improved in the future.