权力与温情:南宋知县袁采的生涯和政治

Power and Warmth: the Life and Politics of Yuan Cai, a Magistrate of the Southern Song Dynasty

中国史上仅次于南北朝《颜氏家训》的家训类书籍是南宋《袁氏世范》。本文着眼于古代中国基层社会的秩序问题,考究著者袁采的生平事迹与政治教化行为。袁采是南宋衢州西安县人,家世及生殁年不明,入太学读书,隆兴元年(1163)进士,乾道四年(1168)起历任萍乡县主簿,乐清、政和与婺源知县,登闻鼓院或登闻检院职务。每任官一地,均有切于政治文教的著述。县政方面,在赋税水利之外,尤其注重教化设施的建设,虔诚敬神以为民请命,题匾以鼓励清明恤民的吏治。尤其保留前代知县的遗迹,显得袁采政治行为充满深沉的温情。这样的基层政治令人深思和感怀。

Yuan Ts＇ ai＇s Precepts for Social Life in Southern South Dynasty is the best family instruction next to Yan Family Instructions in China. This paper focuses on the order of the grass-root society in ancient China by investigating Yuan Cai, the author of Yuan Ts＇ ai＇s Precepts for Social Life still much unknown but that he was born in Xi＇an, Quzhou in Southern Song Dynasty. He studied in the Imperial College and was enrolled as Jinshi in 1163, the first years of Longxing. Since 1168, the fourth year of Qiandao, he was appointed the Register in Pingxiang, the magistrate in Yueqing, Zhenghe and Maoyuan and in the court and the procuratorate. He wrote about the local politics and education everywhere he worked. Except the tax policy and irrigation establishment, he paid more attention to education and culture construction. He prayed the God for the people by encouraging clear and considerable administration and keeping the historical remains of the former magistrate with warmth of Yuan Cai＇s politics within sights and emotion.