河南省雷暴大风气候特征及近年变化趋势分析

Climate Characteristics and Changing Trend of Thunder-gust during Recent Years of Henan

采用1970-2015年5-9月大风和雷暴地面观测资料及雷暴重要天气报资料，运用统计方法对河南省雷暴大风的气候特征及其近几年的时空分布进行分析。结果表明：（1）1971年雷暴大风出现天数最多，2006和2014年出现最少。雷暴大风总日数显著减少，6～8月减少更为明显。1989年前后发生突变。7月雷暴大风出现最多，其次6月和8月。（2）日变化呈单峰结构，16-18时为出现的集中时段。（3）频发区集中在两个区域，一个位于黄河以北和沿黄河附近地势较为平坦的地区．另一个位于南阳盆地及伏牛山脉东侧。这与造成雷暴大风的天气尺度和中尺度系统及地形有关。不同区域雷暴大风出现的日数和持续时间有所不同。（4）区域性雷暴大风6月出现最多，其次为7月，9月出现最少；呈逐年减少趋势。（5）近10a来，5、6月雷暴大风明显减少，8月呈明显增多趋势。

Based on the statistical methods on the basis of the conventional observation data and the important weather data of thunder-gust gale in May to September from 1970 to 2015, the climatic feather and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of thunder-gust gale in Henan province and the changes in recent years were analyzed. The results show that： （1） thunder-gust gale days up to the most in 1971, and the least in 2006 and 2014. The total number of thunder-gust gale is significantly decreased, and the decrease is more obvious from June to August. Around 1989, there is a more obvious turning point in the days of thunder-gust gale. Thunder-gust gale appears is most in July, followed by June and August. （2） Diurnal variation shows a single peak type, and the concentration time period is 18：00 ~ 16：00. （3） the most frequent occurrence of thunder-gust gale are concentrated in two areas, one is located in the north of the Yellow River and the relatively fiat terrain along the Yellow River, the other area is located on the eastern side of the basin of Nanyang and the eastern side of the Funiu mountain range. The area of thunder-gust gale is related to the scale of the weather systems and the terrain. The times and duration of thunder-gust gale are different in different regions. （4） Widespread thunder-gust gale appears in June the most, followed by July and the least in September, shows decreasing trend year by year. （5） In recent 10 year, thunder-gust gale frequency decrease significantly in May and June, but increase significantly in August.