婚姻市场、农业剩余与光棍分布——一个理解农村光棍问题的中观机制

The Marriage Market,Agricultural Surplus and Distribution of Bachelor:A Middle-level Mechanism for Understanding the Bachelor in Rural Areas

在婚姻市场渗透下,中西部农村家庭继替具有市场参与性特征:婚姻市场竞争过程形塑出以竞争力为指标的婚姻梯队序列,在优势梯队实现的家庭继替具有向上社会流动的特征,梯队末端则呈现为底层沦陷;农村男性青年在婚姻梯队序列所处的位置取决于其家庭的资源积聚方式、能力和分配方式。调查发现末端梯队集中分布于农业剩余稀薄村庄,其内在机理是农业剩余稀薄通过形塑家庭劳动力的不合理配置与以年轻人为主体的资源积聚方式和向家庭日常生活基本需要进行倾斜的资源分配方式削弱了男性青年的婚姻市场竞争力,其现象表征是扎堆分布的光棍。

In the penetration of marriage market,the inheritance tradition of rural areas in the central and western regions has the characteristics of participating in marriage market. The marriage echelon sequence has been shaped during the competition process in marriage market. Those families at the top of the echelon have character of upward mobility,while those at the end stay at the bottom. The position of rural young men in marriage echelon sequence is determined by the accumulation mode,ability and allocation of their families＇ resource. According to the survey,the rural young men at the end of the sequence are distributed in the thin agricultural surplus villages,and its internal mechanism is that thin agricultural surplus weakens the young men＇s competitiveness in marriage market through irrational allocation of household labor, the mode of resource accumulation with young men as the main body and the resource allocation way inclining to basic living needs of the family. The mechanism is represented by the piling distribution of bachelor.