古代东亚文化中一个值得关注的现象--论中国道教对新罗花郎道的影响

A Remarkable Phenomenon in Ancient East Asian Culture——On the Influence of Taoism on Hualangdao in the Silla Period

道教是中国的民族宗教,其于三国时代传入朝鲜半岛时,正值新罗官方扶植的青年团体花郎道在新罗兴起。花郎道的兴起既有朝鲜半岛三国鼎立的政治形势的影响,也是中国儒佛道三教文化影响的结果,其中有关儒学、佛教与花郎道的关系已取得较多的研究成果,而有关中国道教与新罗花郎道的关系研究目前还缺乏深入考察。其实,中国道教与新罗花郎道虽有着不同的民族文化之源,但新罗人以"风流"为核心的国仙道,蕴含着崇尚"自然无为"的仙道性质,与老庄思想和道教信仰具有一些天然的同质性,因此当信奉神仙的中国道教传入新罗后,受到崇拜"国仙"的新罗人欢迎。道教的神仙信仰、特异道术和崇尚自然的人生态度构成了花郎道的精神内核。新罗作为三国中最弱小的国家,最后却能够统一朝鲜半岛,主要是依靠融入"玄妙之道"的花郎道为其提供了一批文武兼备的人才。道教与花郎道在新罗相遇,所形成的相异相融的发展态势,对新罗统一朝鲜半岛的影响,是古代东亚文化中一个值得关注的现象。

Taoism is a national religion in China and it was spread to Korean peninsula when Sitla government supported Youth Groups Hualangdao. Chinese Confucianism, Bud- dhism, and Taosim had effects on the rise of Hualangdao and the relationship between them had made many achievements. However the study on the relationship between Taoism and Xinluo Hualangdao has not been enough completed. For instance, Guoxiandao in Silla believed that everything had its own way to develop without outer interruption, which had much in common with the thoughts in Taoism. Therefore, Taoism gained its popularity in Silla quickly. Belief in immortal, Taoist magic arts and worship of nature were the spiritual essence of Hualangdao. As the weakest country among the three, Silla unified Korean pen- insula by taking the advantages of Hualangdao. Relationship between Taoism and Hualangd- ao influenced the unification of Korean peninsula, and it is needed special attention.