论陶潜田园诗中的取象思维方式

Discussions on the Thinking Mode of Adopting Symbols in Tao Qian's Pastoral Poems

陶潜的田园诗在广义上指那些反映农村农民生活百态和记述诗人田园乡居生活的诗作,共52首。值得注意的是,陶潜的田园诗取象特征比较明显,每篇诗作都或多或少地运用了取象思维。作为中国传统的一种思维方式,取象思维在古典诗歌中发挥着重要作用。借助取象思维方式,诗人委婉含蓄地表情达意,或言志,在诗歌中表现其退隐躬耕之志、安贫固穷之节;或述乐,记述亲身力耕和耕余闲居的乐趣;或叹忧,在慨叹无常人生的同时悲悯农村田园的破败。取象思维方式已经成为了沟通陶潜和田园诗的重要媒介,它的巧妙运用,使得陶诗既不露痕迹,又收放自如。

Tao Qian＇s pastoral poetry, a total of 52, refer to farmers and poet＇s pastoral life. It is worth to note that the thinking mode of adopting symbols is obvious and it is applied to each poem in Tao Qian＇s pastoral poetry. As traditional Chinese thinking mode, it played an important role in the ancient poetry. With the aid of the thinking mode of adopting symbols, poet conveyed his wishes of retiring from official, enjoying ordinary lives, experiencing pleasure of farming and taking pity on dilapidated rural life with the impermanence of life. Obviously, the thinking mode of adopting symbols has become the important media between Tao Qian and his pastoral poetry, which makes his poems naturally.