基于专利文献分析的土壤污染修复技术发展现状与展望

The development status and future prospective of remediation technology for contaminated soils based on patent analysis

为明确土壤污染修复技术在世界范围的研究布局和发展态势,基于德温特专利创新索引数据库(Derwent Innovation Index,DII)对2005—2013年土壤污染修复技术专利进行了计量学统计,并探讨了该技术的研究布局、研究重点及发展趋势。结果显示,世界范围内土壤污染修复技术涉及的专利申请量逐渐增长,土壤污染修复技术研究较为活跃。中国是该技术领域主要的专利申请国,也是最大的技术来源国,其专利数量从2005年逐年上升,尤其是2009年以后呈现快速上升趋势。土壤污染修复技术相关专利涉及的学科领域呈现交叉趋势,技术布局广泛,主要涉及化学、仪器与仪表、工程学、水资源学等方面。土壤污染修复领域主题词聚类分析显示,土壤砷、镉、铅、铬污染是该领域的研究热点,土壤污染物的稳定固化、植物修复、电动化修复、添加调理剂、土壤淋洗、离子束、分离回收等是可供采用的重要技术,并且2010年以后,污染物稳定固化、植物修复、添加调理剂修复技术的研发活动更为活跃。基于以上研究,认为今后应加强研发高效经济的土壤污染修复技术,注重已有专利成果的转化,促进专利的市场应用,使其发挥更大的社会和经济效益。

The remediation of contaminated soil is a hot topic in the field of agricultural, ecological and environmental sciences. In this pa-per, the present research distribution, the main research themes and the develop trend of remediation technology for contaminated soil were analyzed based on patents in the period of 2005—2013 retrieved from the Derwent Innovation Index. The results showed that the number of patent applications related to soil remediation gradually increased in the world, suggesting the research in this field is more active in these years. China is not only the major country of patent application, but also the largest country of technology origin. The number of patents applied increased year by year from 2005, especially after 2009. Patents related to polluted soil remediation also showed an interdisciplinary trend, and span across a wide range of disciplines, including chemistry, instruments instruction, engineering, water resources and other aspects. Patent cluster analysis showed that arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium pollution were the hot research fields, and contaminants stabilization in soil, phytoremediation, electrokinetic remediation, amendments addition, soil leaching, ion beam, separated and recovered the pollutants were the important technologies applied in soil remediation. It was also emphasized that the research and development activities in contaminants stabilization, phytoremediation, and amendments addition become more active after 2010. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that low-cost and high-efficiency technologies for soil remediation should be focused on developing, and current available technologies and theories should be applied in practice to provide increased social and economic benefits.