材料意义的建构:以中国传统砖作美学意蕴的变迁为例

Meaning Construction of Materials:A Case Study on the Changes of the Aesthetic Implication of the Brick Masonry in Traditional Chinese Architecture

在传统时期,中国砖作技术体系的审美标准指向对精致化的追求。这一建造逻辑已经超越了单纯材料物理性能和实用功能的范畴,具有强烈的文化意义,并在很大程度上决定了建造者和使用者对于材料意义的理解。近代以来,随着新建筑材料和工业化施工方式的应用,砖的审美指向在很短的时间里从精致化转向体现地域性和粗犷之美。这种从传统到现代过程中建构逻辑上的一致性与审美意趣上的倒错,成为了理解砖作技术体系诸多细节原因和意义的基础。这个转变过程在很大程度上影响了砖的材料意义的社会文化和审美因素,在其他材料意义的建构中同样具有不可忽视的影响。

Delicacy is an important aesthetic standard of the brick masonry in traditional Chinese architecture,based on its cultural values rather than functional values,which have a great impact on the meaning construction of the brick material.In modern times,the aesthetic standard of the brick masonry has changed from delicacy to regionality and brutality,because of the new architectural materials and industrialized construction.The influence of culture on the meaning construction of materials not only exists in brick masonry,but also in the other materials.