北京地区夏玉米滴灌下土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的研究

Research on soil water distribution and water use efficiency of summer corn under drip irrigation in Beijing area

在北京地区开展滴灌条件下不同灌溉水量的夏玉米田间试验,通过测定土壤含水量和夏玉米产量,研究滴灌条件下不同灌溉水量对土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的影响.研究结果表明:由于2012年是丰水年份,在相同土层各灌水处理之间的土壤水分分布差异性较小;各灌水处理耗水总量随着灌水量的减小而减小,但在丰水年份均能满足夏玉米需水的需要,各灌水处理夏玉米全生育期内土壤蓄水供水基本平衡;各灌水处理水分利用效率随着灌水量的减小而增大,30%(ET0-P)的灌水方式可以获得较高的水分利用效率.因此,在研究区种植夏玉米若采用30%(ET0-P)的滴灌灌水方式进行灌溉,耗水量为368.5 mm,灌水量仅为42.9 mm,夏玉米减产幅度较低,提高了水分利用效率,从而实现高效用水的目的.

A field summer corn experiment of different irrigation quantity was conducted under drip irrigation in Beijing. Soil water content and summer crop yield were obserxed for study the effects of different irrigation quantity on soil water dis-tribution and water use efficiency. The research results showed that the difference of the soil water distribution were smaller in the same layer since the 2012 was a wet year. The total water consumption decreased with the irrigation water decreased. But it can meet the needs of summer corn water requirement in a wet year. Soil water content kept balance between water storage and water supply in the summer corn growth. The water use efficiency of each treatment increased with irrigation wa-ter quantity decreased. Irrigation method with 30%（ ET0 -P）can obtain higher water use efficiency. Irrigation method with 30%（ET0 -P）of drip irrigation,which water consumption was 368. 5 mm and irrigation water amount only was 42. 9 mm, is recommended as a result of increasing water use efficiency and the summer corn yield decreasing slightly in researching area.