鄱阳湖湖口鱼类资源现状调查

Status and changes of fish resources in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake

2014年5月-12月对鄱阳湖湖口县水域鱼类资源进行逐月调查,对该水域鱼类种类组成、渔获物结构、优势种、群落多样性指数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）进行分析。结果显示,在鄱阳湖湖口水域共采集鱼类52种,隶属于7目12科40属;优势种分别为鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、鳙（Aristichys nobilis）和光泽黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus nitidus）,占样本个体总数的61.34%;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（Hi）为2.59,Margalef种类丰富度指数（D）为6.09,Pielou均匀度指数（J＇）为0.65,Simpson优势度指数（λ）为0.87,相对稀有种数（R）为97.87%;该水域定置网CPUE为1.10-6.21 kg/d,与湖口水位呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。鄱阳湖湖口水域渔业捕捞个体以小型鱼类居多,洄游型鱼类的幼鱼补充群体数量极少,鱼类群落多样性指数有上升趋势。

The fishery resources were investigated monthly during May to December in 2014 in Hukou area of Poyang Lake,and the fish species composition,catch structure,dominant species,community diversity index and CPUE（ Catch Per Unit Effort） were analyzed. The results showed that,altogether 52 fish species,40 genera,12 families and 7 orders were collected in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake. The dominant species which account for 61. 34% of the total fish species were Cyprinus carpio,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Carassius auratus,Aristichys nobilis and Pelteobagrus nitidus. The eigenvalues of species diversity were Shannon-wiener＇s index（ Hi） being 2. 59,Margalef＇s index（ D） being 6. 09,Pielou＇s index（ J＇） being 0. 65,Simpson＇s（ λ） being 0. 87,and Relative rare species（ R） being 97. 87 %. Highly significant correlations were obtained between CPUE and the water levels（ p〈0. 05）,and the CPUE was range from 1. 10 to 6. 21 kg per day. The small-sized fishes were dominant,the juvenile fish recruitment stock population of migratory fishes was little,and the Shannon-wiener＇s index（ Hi） was on the rise in the commercial fishes in the Hukou area of Poyang Lake.