大一新生中农村独生子女的心理健康状况调查

Mental Health Status of Rural Only-child in University Freshmen

目的:调查大一新生中农村独生子女的心理健康状况。方法:研究采用中国大学生心理健康量表和中国大学生心理应激量表对陕西省12所高校953名大一农村独生子女新生进行了调查。结果:大一新生中农村独生子女重度心理问题检出人数占农村独生子女总人数的12.38%;农村独生子女在焦虑、抑郁、自卑、社交退缩、性心理障碍和依赖6个因子上的得分显著高于其他家庭所在地的独生子女(焦虑F=2.78,P<0.01;抑郁F=18.01,P<0.001;自卑F=19.72,P<0.001;社交退缩F=22.49,P<0.001;性心理障碍F=8.17,P<0.001;依赖F=20.82,P<0.001);来自农村的大一新生中,在焦虑和冲动维度上女生心理健康量表得分显著高于男生(焦虑t=-2.68,P<0.01;冲动t=-2.20,P<0.05),仅在性心理障碍维度上男生心理健康量表得分显著高于女生(t=2.20,P<0.05);农村独生子女的心理健康状况与心理压力呈正相关,其中来自日常生活和社交的应激源对其心理健康影响更大。结论:农村大学新生独生子女心理健康水平明显低于大城市、中小城市、小城镇的独生子女,高校在开展大学生新生适应教育时应加强对该群体的关注,切实开展有针对性的心理健康教育活动。

Objective：To investigate the mental health status of the first year university students from one-child families in rural China.Methods：Using China College Student Mental Health Scale and China College Student Psychological Stress Scale to examine the mental health status of 953 university freshmen from 12 colleges in Shaanxi Province.Results：The ratio of rural only child who was likely to have mental health problems in all of rural only child was 12.38%;In dimensions of anxiety,depression,low self-esteem,social withdrawal,psychosexual disorder and dependence,students from rural one-child families were significantly higher than students from other one-child families（F=2.78,18.01,19.72,22.49,8.17,20.82;P〈0.001）;On the anxiety and impulse dimensions,females were significantly higher than males in rural only-child（t=-2.68,-2.20;P〈0.05）,only on the psychosexual disorder dimensions,mental health scale scores of males were significantly higher than females in rural only-child（t=2.20,P〈0.01）;Mental health scale scores were positively correlated with scores of psychological stress,especially in daily life and social stress sources.Conclusion：The only child in rural China stands greater risks of having mental health problems than that in big cities,small and medium-sized cities,small cities and towns of the one-child,universities should place more attention to this group and hence carry out targeted psychological health education activities when to carry out college students adapting education.