状态焦虑大学生对负性情绪词的注意偏向

The Attentional Bias to Negative Words for State Anxiety Undergraduates

目的:考察状态焦虑大学生对负性情绪词的注意偏向及其内在机制。方法:通过数字减法任务诱发大学生的状态焦虑,采用点探测和线索-靶子任务,分别将情绪词置于线索和靶子位置,比较状态焦虑大学生和正常大学生对靶刺激反应的差异。结果:正常组大学生的状态焦虑量表得分实验前和实验后差异不显著;状态焦虑组大学生实验后的量表得分显著高于实验前(t=-5.595,P<0.05)。点探测任务中,词语类型与被试类型交互作用显著(F=4.103,P<0.05),状态焦虑大学生对负性词条件下靶刺激的反应时比中性词条件下的更短,而正常大学生在两类词语条件下对靶刺激的反应时差异不显著。线索-靶子任务中,线索类型、词语类型、被试类型三者交互作用显著(F=47.478,P<0.05),状态焦虑组大学生在负性有效线索条件下的反应时短于负性无效条件下的反应时,正常组大学生在负性有效条件下的反应时长于负性无效条件。结论:状态焦虑大学生对负性情绪词存在注意偏向,表现为其注意一旦被负性信息捕获,就难以从中解除。

Objective：The study examines the characteristics and the internal mechanism of the attentional bias to negative words of the state anxiety undergraduates.Methods：Digital subtraction tasks were used to induce the state anxiety.The dot-probe and cue-target paradigm were carried out and the emotional words were presented in the cue and target respectively,the reaction time for the target was compared for normal and state anxiety participants.Results：The scores of the state anxiety questionnaire for the normal participants were the same before and after the experiment,While the scores for the state anxiety participants were different significantly between before and after experiment（t=-5.595,P〈0.05）.In the dot-probe task,The results showed that sate anxiety participants responsed faster to the target after negative words than that after the neutral words（F=4.103,P〈0.05）,while the normal participants responsed equally to the target after different words.The results of the cue-target task showed that the main effect about the type of the words,the cues and the subjects were not significant,but the interaction of the three factors was significant（F=47.478,P〈0.05）.Further analysis showed that the reaction time of state anxiety subjects under the negative effective cue condition was shorter than that of the negative ineffective cue condition.The reaction time of normal subjects under the negative effective cue condition was longer than that of the negative ineffective cue condition.There was no significant difference between the two groups in the neutral effective cue condition and neutral ineffective cue condition.Conclusion：The state anxiety individuals have attentional bias to negative words.The negative words can quickly catch and maintain the attention of the state anxiety individuals.