全球化与广州跨国机构的空间分布演变与特征(1949-2012年)

GLOBALIZATION AND THE EVOLUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN GUANGZHOU(1949-2012)

跨国机构指从事跨国行为的政府性和非政府性组织,是政治全球化的重要载体。在世界城市研究风靡全球学术界的浪潮下,城市跨国机构已引起日益增多的关注。在回顾全球城市研究的基础上,结合历史和访谈材料分析与空间句法的应用,对新中国成立以来广州跨国机构的发展过程、空间分布演变与特征开展研究。广州跨国机构经历了萌芽、起步和发展三个阶段,在此过程中,机构的数量得到增长、类型变得多样、业务得到扩展,空间分布的重心随城市中心的东移而东移,表明了其区位的中心性及与主要全球化空间临近的性质。跨国机构空间分布的主要特征包括:(1)中心性或趋向交通便捷度高的地区;(2)对安全、交流与所在地段的知名度有需求;(3)不同类型跨国机构的空间区位具有不同的整合度;(4)一些特定功能的机构倾向于分布在与其功能有联系的城市片区。

Transnational institutions refer to governmental and non-governmental organizations which engage in transnational actions.They are one of the important representations of political globalization.In the literature framed by world cities research,transnational institutions have attracted increasing attention in urban studies.Based on a review of global cities literature,the evolution and characteristics of spatial distribution of transnational institutions in Guangzhou are examined,through the methods of analysis of historical archive,interviews and the space syntax.The development of transnational institutions in Guangzhou is characterized by the stages of budding,starting and growing.This process sees an increasing number of institutions,diversification of types of institutions and extension of functions of the institutions.With the shift of the city center,the distribution center of transnational institutions move eastward,and presents a proximity to spaces of economic globalization.The characteristics of spatial distribution of transnational institutions include：①locating in the spaces with centrality and convenient traffic conditions;②demanding for security,communication and publicity;③locations of different types of institutions have different levels of integration value;and ④transnational institutions with specific functions prefer the locations where local institutions with related functions lie.