定向运动专项认知技能的心理学诠释与思考

The annotation and thought in psychology on special cognitive skills of orienteering

对定向比赛过程中认知优势特征及结构进行综述、探讨,结果表明:优秀的定向选手认知优势结构特征表现为读图认知能力强,图例识别速度快,工作记忆容量大,视觉搜索策略合理;采用眼动记录技术、口语报告法可较好解决定向运动认知优势的结构特征及机制;以优秀运动员认知优势的理论模型为基础,探究该项目运动员的行为表现特征与认知结构机制研究相结合是今后该领域研究发展的趋势。

This article summarized and probed into the cognitive advantages and structures in the process of orienteering, and the results showed that the cognitive advantages of excellent orienteering players all had good cognitive ability of reading, fast speed to identify legend, huge capacity of work memory as well as reasonable strategy of visual search; that by using eye tracking method and oral report method we could work out the cognitive advantage structures and mechanism in the process of orienteering; and that probing into the players＇ performance characteristics and cognitive structure mechanism on the basis of theoretical model of excellent players＇ cognitive advantages is the trend in this field.