130例小儿药物不良反应分析及用药指导

Analysis of 130 cases with adverse drug reactions in children and the guidance of drug use

目的探析小儿药物不良反应（ADR）的发生规律和特点,为临床用药提供指导。方法 选取2015年7月～2016年7月我院收集的130例小儿ADR报告,对发生ADR的药物种类、给药途径以及临床表现进行比较分析。结果 性别与年龄分布方面,女性为52.31%略高于男性的47.69%,其中以1～3岁儿童报告率最高,达到36.92%。药物种类方面,抗生素类占比最高,达到38.63%;中药制剂次之,达到25.00%。抗生素类药物导致ADR发生构成比最高,达到48.46%;中药制剂达到32.31%。给药途径方面,主要以静脉注射为主,达到70.00%。不良反应临床表现方面,消化系统损害的发生率最高,达到41.53%。结论 加强ADR的风险防范工作,重点关注低龄患儿的临床监测,加强合理用药与安全用药,有助于预防和减少ADR的发生。

Objective To explore the occurrence regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reaction（ADR） in children,and to provide guidance for clinical medication.Methods The report of 130 cases of pediatric ADR collected in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2016 were selected,different types of drug,drug administration and clinical manifestations of ADR were compared and analyzed.Results In terms of gender and age,constituent ratio of women was52.31%,little higher than 47.69% of men,the highest proportion of the age group was 1-3 years old（36.92%）.In term of drug types,the highest proportion was antibiotic（38.63%）,which was followed by traditional Chinese medicine（25.00%）.The highest percentage of ADR resulted from antibiotics（48.46%）,and the second highest was traditional Chinese medicine（32.31%）.In terms of drug administration,the highest percentage of ADR resulted from intravenous injection（70.00%）.In terms of clinical manifestation,the incidence of digestive system injury was the highest（41.53%）.Conclusion The strengthening of the prevention work,rational use of drugs and safe medication can decrease the occurrence of ADR.