垂直专业化“挤出效应”与技术进步迟滞

Effect of Vertical Specialization "Crowding Out" and Technical Progress Lag

本文构建一般均衡理论模型,对垂直专业化技术进步迟滞现象进行解释。研究结果发现两条内在机制:其一,若发展中国家在参与国际分工中对发达国家技术存在依存关系,垂直专业化过程会"挤出"研发部门的人力资本水平,并把发展中国家人力资本锁定在技术低端的生产性部门,弱化了自主创新能力;其二,基于生产技术的偏向性,发展中国家也会将人力资本用于生产环节而不是创新环节,从而研发部门人力资本不足,表现出技术进步迟滞现象。基于反事实的论证结果表明,如果选择参与国际分工的人力资本与垂直专业化不同环节相匹配,则垂直专业化可以引致发展中国家技术进步,体现出发展中国家在垂直专业化继续深化过程中对初始人力资本适配性选择的要求。

By constructing the general equilibrium theory model, this paper explains the paradox of the vertical specialization to technological progress. The results show that because the developing countries and developed countries commonly segment limited innovation resources in the international division of labor, production in developed countries will face value chain governance of developed countries, the human capital of the developing countries will be crowd out RD department and locked in low- end manufacturing Department by vertical specialization. And based on the bias production technology, the developing countries will also take a large amount of human capital to production rather than innovation link, thus showing negative relationship between vertical specialization and industrial technology progress. Our theoretical results also show that if choosing the human capital to participate in international division of labor in the match the vertical specialization of different links, the vertical specialization can lead to technological progress in developing countries, which shows that to participate in the process of vertical specialization for developing countries needs the adaptive initial human capital.