参与全球价值链会拉大收入差距吗——基于各国后向参与度分析的视角

Will GVC's Participation Widen Income Gap——From the Perspective of Backward Participation

本文基于WIOD投入产出表及社会经济统计账户表中的数据,分别测算了各国的全球价值链参与度和国内工资收入差距水平,以此研究各国参与全球价值链对本国工资收入差距的影响,并在此基础上,进一步探究在不同发展程度国家之间,中间产品和最终产品的全球价值链参与度和本国收入差距的关系。结果表明:各国全球价值链后向参与度与本国高低技术工人工资收入差距之间存在稳定的负相关关系,即各国积极参与全球价值链的分工合作有助于缩小本国国内的收入差距,且这一负向关系并不随着出口产品类别的不同或出口国家发展程度的差异而有所改变。此外,在产品类别上,相较最终产品而言,各国中间产品后向参与度的提高对缩小收入差距的作用更大;在不同国家间,发达国家最终产品后向参与度的提升带来的影响更大,而发展中国家的这一负向关系则更明显地体现在中间产品的后向参与度上。

This paper calculates each country＇s backward participation index and income gap with input- output table and social economic accounts from WIOD database to figure out the relationship between GVC＇ s participation and domestic income gap. Based on this, this paper explores the relationship between GVC＇s participation of intermediate products and final products and domestic income gap. We find that a high level of backward participation will lead to a relatively small income gap and this negative relationship always holds regardless of export products＇ category and export countries＇ development degree. Furthermore, compared with final products, the increase of intermediate products＇ backward participation has a more obvious narrowing influence on income gap. And final products＇ increase on backward participation poses a bigger effect in developed countries while intermediate products do so in developing countries.