正义的解构与马克思主义正义原则的建构

Deconstruction of Justice and the Construction of Marxist Justice Principles

马克思批判正义主要是基于历史唯物主义理论对近代正义观的解构,此种解构不同于对正义的拒斥,而是为近代正义概念界定其基础与功能。当然,马克思在其文本中也有明确拒斥正义观念的表述,不过其背后的理据则是并不坚实的事实性预判而非历史唯物主义理论。遗憾的是,学界过度关注于马克思对正义的拒斥并且错误地将其作为马克思对待正义的真正态度。反之,如果将马克思批判正义的理据正确地锚定在其解构逻辑之上,则可以更为清晰地厘清马克思的历史唯物主义理论与规范正义原则之间的兼容性,并据以尝试性地提出一种契合于历史唯物主义的马克思主义正义理论的建构思路。

There are two related popular issues in current Marxist research as follows：why Marx criti-cizes j ustice＇ Whether it is possible to construct a Marxist j ustice theory＇ By focusing on these two is-sues,this article argues that Marx＇s critique of j ustice primarily aims at the deconstruction of modern theory of j ustice based on his theory of historical materialism.Marx＇s deconstruction of j ustice cannot be taken as his rej ection of j ustice but rather his efforts to clarify the foundation and function of the concept of j ustice.It＇s true that Marx does rej ect the concept of j ustice in some of his works,but such statements are based on his unreliable factual j udgments about the future instead of his theory of his-torical materialism.It＇s a pity that some scholars seem to overestimate Marx＇s rej ection of j ustice,tak-ing it as his overall attitude towards j ustice.On the contrary,if we realize that his critique mainly relies on his deconstruction of the concept of j ustice,we can make a better understanding about the compati-bility between Marx＇s historical materialism and normative j ustice principles,and further construct a certain kind of Marxist j ustice principles that correspond with historical materialism.