核(桃)麦间作系统中小麦生长发育与产量形成分析

Analysis about Wheat Growth and Yield Formation in Walnut/Wheat Intercropping System

果麦间作是目前南疆大力发展的一种兼顾经济效益和粮食安全的种植模式,由于间作系统环境的影响,小麦的生长和产量受到较大影响。对新疆墨玉县2种核（桃）麦间作模式下小麦生长发育与产量构成进行调查。结果表明：小麦间作较单作灌浆后期单株绿叶面积减少11.18-14.01cm2,成熟期推迟4-6d,穗部器官干物质积累量每株减少0.22-0.53g,穗粒数降低13.36%-20.64%,千粒质量减少10.78%-23.43%,收获穗数减少20.38%-20.74%,产量减少47.63%-74.53%。间作系统内,近树区麦株生长、顶叶SPAD值、各器官干物质积累量及产量受到的影响高于远树区,且随生育期推后其值受影响程度有增大趋势,表现出累积效应。间作对小麦生长性状的影响大小为单株绿叶面积〉单株茎蘖数〉茎绿叶数〉株高,对各器官干物质积累生长影响大小为茎〉穗〉叶,对产量构成影响大小为收获穗数〉千粒质量〉小穗数〉穗粒数〉穗长。通过比较,核桃9m×3m模式间作小麦产量优于6m×4m模式,是值得推广的配置。

As a cropping pattern, taking into account the economic and food security, intercropping wheat between fruit trees are been developed rapidly in south Xinjiang beacause the impact of inter- cropping system on environment, growth and yield of wheat was severe. In this paper, the wheat growth and yield formation of two kinds of walnut/wheat intercropping systems in Moyu county were studied. The results showed that maturity of intercropping wheat delayed four to six days, green area per plant at late filling stage was reduced by 11.18--14.01 cm2 ,dry matter accumulation per plant in ear organ by 0.22--0.53 g,grain number per spike by 13. 36%--20. 64%,thousand grain mass by 10.78%--23.43%,harvest spikes by 20.38%--20.74%,yield by 47.63%--74.53% compared with monoculture. In intercropping system, the impact on growth, SPAD value of leaf blade, dry material accumulation in each organ and production of wheat near the walnut trees was greater than that of wheat far from the trees,and in the growth , the impact was in increasing trend and showed a cumula- tive effect. The order of effect of intercropping on wheat growth was green leaf area per plant〉tiller number per plant〉green leaves per stem〉plant height,on dry matter accumulation in various organs stem〉spike〉leaf,on yield components harvesting spikes〉grain mass〉spikelets〉grains per spike〉ear length. After comparison, 9 m×3 m mode of walnut intercropped wheat production was better than 6 m×4 m model, and it was worthy of extension.