宁夏灌区春小麦对源库变化的反应

Response of Spring Wheat to Source-sink Change in Ningxia Irrigation Area

为探讨源库关系改变对春小麦产量及构成要素的影响,选用宁夏灌区历年推广的主栽品种及搭配品种为试验材料,通过剪叶剪穗[未剪叶剪穗为对照(CK)、剪全穗(T_1)、剪1/2小穗(T_2)、剪1/3小穗(T_3)、剪倒三叶(T_4)、剪倒二叶(T_5)、剪旗叶(T_6)、剪全叶(T_7)]处理,研究抽穗后源库变化对春小麦产量、单穗粒质量、千粒质量、花前干物质输出率的影响。结果表明:抽穗后减源能够降低春小麦穗粒质量和千粒质量,可促进花前茎鞘干物质向籽粒中运转,不同减源处理的穗粒质量和千粒质量表现为T_7<T_6<T_5<T_4<CK。抽穗后缩库增加春小麦的千粒质量,但由于库容的减少抑制花前干物质输出率,不同剪穗处理的千粒质量表现为T_2>T_3>CK,花前干物质输出率表现为CK>T_3>T_2。不同年代的推广品种减源缩库的表现相同,但不同品种减源缩库后千粒质量、穗粒质量及花前干物质输出率的降幅不同。宁夏灌区春小麦产量的提高需要在增源的同时扩库,适当减少源库比,促进花前干物质的输出,并在抽穗后通过适当的栽培措施保障冠层的光合作用,提高源的生产能力。

The aim is to study the effect of changing ratio of source and sink on yield and composition factors of spring wheat. The main eultivars popularized over the years in Ningxia irrigation district was selected as the experimental materials, and measured grain yield, grain mass per spike, 1000-grain mass,dry matter output rate before anthesis under the treatments of source-sink changing after earing designed by cutting leaf and cutting ear, including no cutting （CK） ,cutting an ear（T1 ） ,cutting half an ear（T2） ,cutting 1/3 ear（Ta）,cutting top three leaves （T4）,cutting top two leaves （T5）, cutting flag leaf （Y6） ,and cutting whole leaves（T7 ）. The results showed that reduced source lowed grain mass per ear,1 000-grain mass of spring wheat, but accelerated translocation of before-anthesis dry matter in straw to seed grain. The treatments was in the sequence of TT〈T6〈T5〈T4〈 CK for grain yield and 1 000-grain mass. The after-earing sink reduction increased 1 00Q-grain quality of spring wheat, but dry matter output rate was limited because of sink capability. The 1 000-grain quality of different treatments of spike removal was T2 〉 T3 〉CK, but before-anthesis dry matter output rate had the op- posite performance. The different varieties showed similar tendency after source-sink reduction, but fallen percentage was different for 100O-grain mass, grain mass per spike and dry matter output rate of different varieties. Therefore,in order to increase yield of spring wheat in Ningxia irrigation areas, the spring wheat needed to be expanded sink and increased source at the same time, to reduce the source sink ratio, to promote the output of dry matter, and through the proper cultivation measures to guaran- tee the canopy photosynthesis after heading, so as to improve the production ability of the source.