揭膜时期对土壤水、盐运移及棉花产量的影响

Effects of Different Uncovering Plastic Film Periods on Water Use Efficiency,Soil Salinity and Yield of Cotton

为探明揭膜时期对棉田土壤水、盐运移及棉花产量的影响,设置6个处理,分别在不同时期揭膜[T1（6月10日）;T2（6月25日）;T3（7月13日）;T4（7月25日）;T5（8月10日）;T6（不揭膜）],研究揭膜时期对土壤水分利用、盐分的运移及棉花产量的影响。结果表明：与覆膜相比,选择在棉花花期前揭膜可导致土壤含水量以及棉花产量显著降低;而在棉花花期后揭膜对土壤含水量无显著影响,并且在铃期揭膜（T5）棉花产量略有升高。不同揭膜处理的土壤盐分质量分数（0-60cm土层）分布均呈现膜面〉膜间〉棉花株间的趋势,而揭膜可降低膜面和膜间0-40cm土层盐分质量分数。综上所述,不同时期揭膜均可降低膜面、膜间0-40cm土层的土壤盐分质量分数,但棉花花期前揭膜导致棉花减产,花期后揭膜对土壤含水量及产量均没有显著影响,以T5时期揭膜最佳。

To investigate the effects of plastic-film mulching on soil water and salinity of cotton, field experiment was carried out to study water use efficiency, soil salinity and yield of cotton conducted, with six treatments of film uncovering on June 10 （T1） ,June 25 （T2） ,July 13 （T3） ,July 25 （T4） and August 10 （T5） ,respectively,and film mulching （T6） served as the control（CK））. The result showed that compared with the film mulching （CK）, the treatments of film uncovering before cotton flowering （T1 and T2） had adverse effect on soil moisture and cotton yield without significant effect on soil moisture and cotton yield for film uncovering after cotton flowering （T3--T4）,moreover,the yield ofcotton was increased after bolling stage（T5 treatment）. The soft sahnlty ko--ou cm; in all Ot ttccLt ments was shown similar trend of under-film〉 inter-film〉inter-plant, and film uncovering could low- er the content of salinity in 0--40 cm layer of under-film and inter-film soil. In conclusion,film uncov- ering at different stages decreased soil salinity （0--40 cm） under film and inter film however,the yield of cotton was decreased by film uncovering before flowering stage, and film uncovering after flowering stage had no effect on soil moisture and cotton yield, the best result was obtained in T5 treatment （film uncovering at boiling stage）.