新疆双语教育模式的理性选择与过渡——一项基于语言景观的实证研究

The Rational Choice and Transition of Bilingual Education Model of Xinjiang:An Empirical Study on Linguistic Landscape

通过采集乌鲁木齐市、库尔勒市和喀什地区的语言景观发现,随着维、汉语言接触程度的下降,三地双语标牌中汉语的凸显性和信息性逐渐减弱,维吾尔族居民的汉语使用率、汉语识字能力呈递减趋势。在汉语使用率低、学生汉语水平参差不齐的南疆部分地区,中小学若急于转向汉语授课比重更大的新型双语教育模式,很难从根本上保证教学效果。当地教育部门可从教育模式、评价体系、语言使用环境三方面进行改善,以提升双语教学质量。

This paper explores the language environment of Xinjiang in an effort to provide a reliable educational assessment for relevant authorities. Through an analysis of linguistic landscape collected respectively in Urumqi, Korla and Kashgar, the article points out that with the reduced contact of Chinese and Uighur, the salience and informativeness of Chinese on billboards tend to deeline, and the Uighur residents tend to use Chinese less and a lower literacy of Chinese is found. This article further argues that in parts of Southern Xinjiang where Chinese is used less and learned unsatisfactorily among students, a hastened transformation into a new bilingual model with a strong emphasis on Chinese will fail to fulfill the teaching objectives. A suggestion is thus made that relevantauthorities should improve bilingual education from three aspects： language teaching pattern, language assessment system and language application environment.