国际航空运输事故承运人先行付款制度研究——以1999年《蒙特利尔公约》第28条为分析文本

Study on Carriers Advance Payment System of International Air Transport Accident Commenting

先行付款制度是统一国际航空运输事故承运人责任规则的新成果,是国际航空立法人本化的体现,具有先进性和前瞻性,对保护空难受害人权益具有积极意义。该制度虽是一个理想法律构架,但具有软法性质,在理解和适用中仍存困惑和模糊之处,其具体执行和实施因国别或地区不同而差异较大,出现破坏公约统一价值和目标的端倪。为落实和履行国际义务,保护受害人权益,我国在修订《民用航空法》时应原则性地规定这一内容,然后在部门规章中丰富先行付款的条件、范围、限额、期限以及违反该义务时的制裁措施等具体规则,使其装上"牙齿",以实现上位法与下位法的协调与统一,便于操作与执行。

Advance payment is an innovation of unifying the carrier＇ s liability on international air transport accident. This advanced and forward - looking system is a reflection for humanitarian development of international aviation legislations and has certain positive effects on protecting consumer＇ s interests on air disaster. Although it is an ideal legal frame, it still has a characteristic of soft law and exists some confusing problems when carried out in practice. Actually, its specific implementation and enforcement depends on carrier＇s domestic laws and has big differences based on different countries and areas＇ legislations. Consequently, it appears the trend of destroying the uniform value and goal of convention. In order to carry out obligations of convention and protect consumer＇ s interests, China should generally stipulate this content in the Civil Aviation Law of P. R. C and then specifically enrich specific rules on condition, scope, amount, duration and sanctions when violated this obligations, etc, in the relevant regulations to harmonize and unify upper and lower laws, and benefit the application and implementation.