2014年四川口岸长期外派非洲务工人员传染病监测分析

Surveillance on infectious diseases in long-term expatriates in Africa from Sichuan port in 2014

目的了解在非洲长期务工人员境外罹患传染病情况及回国后传染病检出情况,为科学监测提供依据,有效保护外派务工人员健康。方法对2014年到四川国际旅行卫生保健中心体检的长期外派非洲务工人员进行回顾性调查,分析人口学特征、流行病学情况、传染病病原体检出结果,进行统计分析。结果共有192名长期外派务工人员归国后体检,以男性为主,占93.75%;88.54%的人员年龄集中在20-49岁之间;以初中文化者为最多;在26个非洲国家中,外派人数最多的为安哥拉。有80人（41.67%）曾在境外罹患疾病,其中3人曾先后罹患两种疾病。疟疾是感染人数最多的传染病,有75人发病1-5次;登革热、伤寒和丝虫病的患病人数分别为3人、2人和1人;还有2人被不明种类蚊虫叮咬后出现皮肤病变。共有7人在保健中心实验室疟疾快检阳性,其中1人涂片镜检阳性。未检出其他病原体。结论长期外派非洲务工人员是境外罹患传染病的高风险人群,应监测其回国后患病情况。

Objective To investigate the situation of travel-related infections among long-term expatriates in Africa and after their return,and provide scientific basis for surveillance and protect expatriates ＇ health. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in returned expatriates. Demographic characteristics,epidemiology and detection results of infectious diseases were analyzed,and correlation analysis was also conducted in specific aspects. Results The surveillance population was male-dominated,accounted for 93.75%,88.54% of the population was between the age of 20-49 years old. The majority had received the junior middle school education as the highest education background. Angola ranks top one out of 26 African countries with the largest population of expatriates. 80（41.67%）out of 192 expatriates were diagnosed as travel-related infectious diseases when they were in destination countries,and 3 out of 80 had two kinds of infectious diseases,with the spectrum including malaria（n=75）,dengue fever（n=3）,typhoid fever（n=2）,filariasis（n=1） and unknown insect-bite induced skin lesions（n=2）. In total,7 expatriates were tested positive for plasmodium using rapid diagnostic test,with one positive case for smear. No more positive results in other laboratory tests for infectious pathogens. Conclusion The long-term expatriates in Africa are considered at the highest risk of suffering from travel-associated infectious diseases,and it is essential to conduct surveillance to obtain the disease spectrum among this population.