由批评的历史到历史的批评:中国古代文论体系构建研究的思考

Reflection on the Research of the Construction of Chinese Ancient Literary Theories System: From the History of Criticism to the Criticism on History

以中国文学批评史为主要内容的中国古代文论研究走过近百年历程,其中成果丰富,为学科的发展奠定了坚实的基础。近些年来,中国古代文论的研究呈现出良好的发展态势,而且,在目前中国文论建设与古代文论现代转换的学术背景下,加强对古代文论的研究更显得必要与紧迫。以此反观中国古代文论的研究历程,在研究方法上也面临一个突破与创新的思考。其中,由纵向研究向横向研究拓展,由批评的历史到历史的批评,无疑会有助于考察中国古代文论的体系特征,也会更好地彰显和发挥古代文论的现代意义。在这方面,傅庚生、贾文昭、刘若愚、陈良运、王运熙、黄霖等学者已有较有创获的探索。

The research on Chinese ancient literary theories, with the history of Chinese literary criticism as its key content, has laid solid foundation for the development of the discipline with its abundant achievement in its history of nearly one hundred years. Moreover, smooth and innovative development of the research on ancient Chinese literary theories has been on the stage in recent years, with the construction of ancient Chinese literary theories and the modern transformation of ancient Chinese literary theories as the major trends. Therefore, it is urgent and essential to reinforce the research on ancient Chinese literary theories. Meanwhile, a review on the development of the research in the field also calls for innovations in research methods. For example, the turning from longitudinal studies to cross-sectional studies, and the transfer from the history of criticism to the criticism on history, will be undoubtedly beneficial to making further investigation into the nature and features of ancient Chinese literary theories and facilitating the role of ancient Chinese literary theories in modern society. Fortunately, scholars such as Fu Gengsheng, Jia Wenzhao, Liu Ruoyu, Chen Liangyun, Wang Yunxi and Huang Lin have achieved a lot in their exploration.