摘要
Many physical processes considered in the Review of Particle Properties （RPP） involve hadrons. The properties of hadrons--which are composed of quarks and gluons--are governed primarily by Quantum Chromodynamics （QCD） （with small corrections from Quantum Electrodynamics [QED]）. Theoretical calculations of these properties require non-perturbative methods, and Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics （LQCD） is a tool to carry out such calculations. It has been successfully applied to many properties of hadrons. Most important for the RPP are the calculation of electroweak form factors, which are needed to extract Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa （CKM） matrix elements when combined with the corresponding experimental measurements. LQCD has also been used to determine other fundamental parameters of the standard model, in particular the strong coupling constant and quark masses. This review describes the theoretical foundations of LQCD and sketches the methods used to calculate the quantities relevant for the RPP. It also describes the various sources of error that must be controlled in a LQCD calculation. Results for hadronic quantities are given in the corresponding dedicated reviews.
Many physical processes considered in the Review of Particle Properties （RPP） involve hadrons. The properties of hadrons--which are composed of quarks and gluons--are governed primarily by Quantum Chromodynamics （QCD） （with small corrections from Quantum Electrodynamics [QED]）. Theoretical calculations of these properties require non-perturbative methods, and Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics （LQCD） is a tool to carry out such calculations. It has been successfully applied to many properties of hadrons. Most important for the RPP are the calculation of electroweak form factors, which are needed to extract Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa （CKM） matrix elements when combined with the corresponding experimental measurements. LQCD has also been used to determine other fundamental parameters of the standard model, in particular the strong coupling constant and quark masses. This review describes the theoretical foundations of LQCD and sketches the methods used to calculate the quantities relevant for the RPP. It also describes the various sources of error that must be controlled in a LQCD calculation. Results for hadronic quantities are given in the corresponding dedicated reviews.
