红耳鹎冬季食性及取食空间生态位初步研究

Feeding Spatial Niche and Diet of Red-Whiskered Bulbul(Pycnonotus jocosus) in Winter

2014年11月~2015年1月,在广西宜州市采用直接观察法对红耳鹎（Pycnonotus jocosus）的冬季食性和取食空间生态位进行了研究,记录的数据有红耳鹎的数量、取食时段、食物种类、取食方式、取食高度、水平取食位置和取食方向等,野外共观察了240 h,记录数据3 551个。结果表明：红耳鹎以单独取食果实为主,食谱中植物种类有13种,偶尔会捕捉昆虫或者采食花瓣,取食方式通常是将果实整颗吞食,较大的果实则是啄食;主要在乔木树冠外侧取食果实;取食方向较偏向于135°~225°和45°~135°,两个方向的取食频次共占总取食频次的70.25%。一天中6：00~9：00采食果实的数量最多,占总取食频次的36.80%;12：00~15：00采食的数量最少,仅占总取食频次的14.98%;卡方检验取食时段、取食方式、取食高度、水平取食位置和取食方向等参数均显著差异（P〈0.05）。人为干扰是影响红耳鹎取食和活动的主要因素。

We investigated feeding spatial niche and diet of red-whiskered bulbul（Pycnonotu jocosus）in winter from November 2014 to January 2015 in Yizhou City,Guangxi.We recorded numbers of feeding bulbuls,feeding times,food types,and foraging behavior data.Bulbuls were primarily frugivorous,mainly feeding on fruits and flower parts but also feeding to a limited extent on insects.Thirteen spiecies of fruit were included in its diet.The feeding direction towards southerly and easterly directions accounted for 70.25%of total frequency,and most feeding was recorded during 6：00 to 9：00 hrs,accounting for 36.8%of total frequency.Feeding duration,feeding height above ground,feeding direction,feeding horizontal position,and feeding type differed significantly by time of day.Human disturbance might be the main reason to influence its activity and feeding in winter.